French reference
devoir
must, to have to
Irregular · 19 form tables
Includes indicative, conditional, subjunctive and imperative forms. Literary categories and supplied participle agreement forms are labeled separately.
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Indicative
Present
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I have to (do something) |
| tu | you have to (do something) |
| il/elle/on | he/she has to (do something) |
| nous | we have to (do something) |
| vous | you (plural/formal) have to (do something) |
| ils/elles | they have to (do something) |
Compound past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I had to (do something); I have had to (do something) |
| tu | you had to (do something); you have had to (do something) |
| il/elle/on | he/she had to (do something); he/she has had to (do something) |
| nous | we had to (do something); we have had to (do something) |
| vous | you (plural/formal) had to (do something); you (plural/formal) have had to (do something) |
| ils/elles | they had to (do something); they have had to (do something) |
Imperfect
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I had to (do something) |
| tu | you had to (do something) |
| il/elle/on | he/she had to (do something) |
| nous | we had to (do something) |
| vous | you (plural/formal) had to (do something) |
| ils/elles | they had to (do something) |
Pluperfect
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I had had to (do something) |
| tu | you had had to (do something) |
| il/elle/on | he/she had had to (do something) |
| nous | we had had to (do something) |
| vous | you (plural/formal) had had to (do something) |
| ils/elles | they had had to (do something) |
Future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I will have to (do something) |
| tu | you will have to (do something) |
| il/elle/on | he/she will have to (do something) |
| nous | we will have to (do something) |
| vous | you (plural/formal) will have to (do something) |
| ils/elles | they will have to (do something) |
Future perfect
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I will have had to (do something) |
| tu | you will have had to (do something) |
| il/elle/on | he/she will have had to (do something) |
| nous | we will have had to (do something) |
| vous | you (plural/formal) will have had to (do something) |
| ils/elles | they will have had to (do something) |
Near future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I am going to have to (do something) |
| tu | you are going to have to (do something) |
| il/elle/on | he/she is going to have to (do something) |
| nous | we are going to have to (do something) |
| vous | you (plural/formal) are going to have to (do something) |
| ils/elles | they are going to have to (do something) |
Recent past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I have just had to (do something) |
| tu | you have just had to (do something) |
| il/elle/on | he/she has just had to (do something) |
| nous | we have just had to (do something) |
| vous | you (plural/formal) have just had to (do something) |
| ils/elles | they have just had to (do something) |
Simple past (literary)
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I had to (do something) |
| tu | you had to (do something) |
| il/elle/on | he/she had to (do something) |
| nous | we had to (do something) |
| vous | you (plural/formal) had to (do something) |
| ils/elles | they had to (do something) |
Past anterior (literary)
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I had had to (do something) |
| tu | you had had to (do something) |
| il/elle/on | he/she had had to (do something) |
| nous | we had had to (do something) |
| vous | you (plural/formal) had had to (do something) |
| ils/elles | they had had to (do something) |
Conditional
Conditional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I should (do something) |
| tu | you should (do something) |
| il/elle/on | he/she should (do something) |
| nous | we should (do something) |
| vous | you (plural/formal) should (do something) |
| ils/elles | they should (do something) |
Past conditional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I should have (done something) |
| tu | you should have (done something) |
| il/elle/on | he/she should have (done something) |
| nous | we should have (done something) |
| vous | you (plural/formal) should have (done something) |
| ils/elles | they should have (done something) |
Past conditional, second form (literary)
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I would have had to (do something) |
| tu | you would have had to (do something) |
| il/elle/on | he/she would have had to (do something) |
| nous | we would have had to (do something) |
| vous | you (plural/formal) would have had to (do something) |
| ils/elles | they would have had to (do something) |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | (that) I have to (do something) |
| tu | (that) you have to (do something) |
| il/elle/on | (that) he/she has to (do something) |
| nous | (that) we have to (do something) |
| vous | (that) you (plural/formal) have to (do something) |
| ils/elles | (that) they have to (do something) |
Past subjunctive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | (that) I have had to (do something) |
| tu | (that) you have had to (do something) |
| il/elle/on | (that) he/she has had to (do something) |
| nous | (that) we have had to (do something) |
| vous | (that) you (plural/formal) have had to (do something) |
| ils/elles | (that) they have had to (do something) |
Imperfect subjunctive (literary)
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | (that) I had to (do something) |
| tu | (that) you had to (do something) |
| il/elle/on | (that) he/she had to (do something) |
| nous | (that) we had to (do something) |
| vous | (that) you (plural/formal) had to (do something) |
| ils/elles | (that) they had to (do something) |
Pluperfect subjunctive (literary)
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | (that) I had had to (do something) |
| tu | (that) you had had to (do something) |
| il/elle/on | (that) he/she had had to (do something) |
| nous | (that) we had had to (do something) |
| vous | (that) you (plural/formal) had had to (do something) |
| ils/elles | (that) they had had to (do something) |
Imperative
Imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| tu | have to (do something)! |
| nous | let's have to (do something)! |
| vous | have to (do something)! (plural/formal) |
Past imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| tu | have had to (do something) by then! |
| nous | let's have had to (do something) by then! |
| vous | have had to (do something) by then! (plural/formal) |
Additional forms
- Gerund
- Present participle
- Past participle
- / / /
- Past infinitive
- Perfect participle
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all French entries.