French reference
s'abstenir
to abstain; to refrain from
Irregular · 18 form tables
Includes indicative, conditional, subjunctive and imperative forms. Literary categories and supplied participle agreement forms are labeled separately.
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Indicative
Present
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I abstain |
| tu | you abstain |
| il/elle/on | he/she abstains |
| nous | we abstain |
| vous | you (plural/formal) abstain |
| ils/elles | they abstain |
Compound past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I abstained; I have abstained |
| tu | you abstained; you have abstained |
| il/elle/on | he/she abstained; he/she has abstained |
| nous | we abstained; we have abstained |
| vous | you (plural/formal) abstained; you (plural/formal) have abstained |
| ils/elles | they abstained; they have abstained |
Imperfect
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I used to abstain |
| tu | you used to abstain |
| il/elle/on | he/she used to abstain |
| nous | we used to abstain |
| vous | you (plural/formal) used to abstain |
| ils/elles | they used to abstain |
Pluperfect
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I had abstained |
| tu | you had abstained |
| il/elle/on | he/she had abstained |
| nous | we had abstained |
| vous | you (plural/formal) had abstained |
| ils/elles | they had abstained |
Future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I will abstain |
| tu | you will abstain |
| il/elle/on | he/she will abstain |
| nous | we will abstain |
| vous | you (plural/formal) will abstain |
| ils/elles | they will abstain |
Future perfect
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I will have abstained |
| tu | you will have abstained |
| il/elle/on | he/she will have abstained |
| nous | we will have abstained |
| vous | you (plural/formal) will have abstained |
| ils/elles | they will have abstained |
Near future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I am going to abstain |
| tu | you are going to abstain |
| il/elle/on | he/she is going to abstain |
| nous | we are going to abstain |
| vous | you (plural/formal) are going to abstain |
| ils/elles | they are going to abstain |
Recent past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I have just abstained |
| tu | you have just abstained |
| il/elle/on | he/she has just abstained |
| nous | we have just abstained |
| vous | you (plural/formal) have just abstained |
| ils/elles | they have just abstained |
Simple past (literary)
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I abstained |
| tu | you abstained |
| il/elle/on | he/she abstained |
| nous | we abstained |
| vous | you (plural/formal) abstained |
| ils/elles | they abstained |
Past anterior (literary)
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I had abstained |
| tu | you had abstained |
| il/elle/on | he/she had abstained |
| nous | we had abstained |
| vous | you (plural/formal) had abstained |
| ils/elles | they had abstained |
Conditional
Conditional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I would abstain |
| tu | you would abstain |
| il/elle/on | he/she would abstain |
| nous | we would abstain |
| vous | you (plural/formal) would abstain |
| ils/elles | they would abstain |
Past conditional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I would have abstained |
| tu | you would have abstained |
| il/elle/on | he/she would have abstained |
| nous | we would have abstained |
| vous | you (plural/formal) would have abstained |
| ils/elles | they would have abstained |
Past conditional, second form (literary)
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | I would have abstained |
| tu | you would have abstained |
| il/elle/on | he/she would have abstained |
| nous | we would have abstained |
| vous | you (plural/formal) would have abstained |
| ils/elles | they would have abstained |
Subjunctive
Present subjunctive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | (that) I abstain |
| tu | (that) you abstain |
| il/elle/on | (that) he/she abstains |
| nous | (that) we abstain |
| vous | (that) you (plural/formal) abstain |
| ils/elles | (that) they abstain |
Past subjunctive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | (that) I have abstained |
| tu | (that) you have abstained |
| il/elle/on | (that) he/she has abstained |
| nous | (that) we have abstained |
| vous | (that) you (plural/formal) have abstained |
| ils/elles | (that) they have abstained |
Imperfect subjunctive (literary)
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | (that) I abstained |
| tu | (that) you abstained |
| il/elle/on | (that) he/she abstained |
| nous | (that) we abstained |
| vous | (that) you (plural/formal) abstained |
| ils/elles | (that) they abstained |
Pluperfect subjunctive (literary)
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| je | (that) I had abstained |
| tu | (that) you had abstained |
| il/elle/on | (that) he/she had abstained |
| nous | (that) we had abstained |
| vous | (that) you (plural/formal) had abstained |
| ils/elles | (that) they had abstained |
Imperative
Imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| tu | abstain! |
| nous | let's abstain! |
| vous | abstain! (plural/formal) |
Additional forms
- Gerund
- Present participle
- Past participle
- / / /
- Past infinitive
- Perfect participle
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all French entries.