Japanese reference
つかむ
to grasp; to seize
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | つかむ (tsukamu)grasp |
| Polite, masu | つかみます (tsukamimasu)grasp |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | つかまない (tsukamanai)do not grasp |
| Polite negative | つかみません (tsukamimasen)do not grasp |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | つかんだ (tsukanda)grasped |
| Polite past | つかみました (tsukamimashita)grasped |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | つかまなかった (tsukamanakatta)did not grasp |
| Polite past negative | つかみませんでした (tsukamimasendeshita)did not grasp |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | つかんで (tsukande)grasping (and then) |
| Polite te-form | つかみまして (tsukamimashite)grasping (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | つかんでいる (tsukandeiru)be grasping |
| Polite te-iru | つかんでいます (tsukandeimasu)be grasping |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | つかめば (tsukameba)if you grasp |
| Rare literary polite conditional | つかみますれば (tsukamimasureba)if you grasp (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | つかんだら (tsukandara)if you grasp |
| Polite conditional, tara | つかみましたら (tsukamimashitara)if you grasp |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | つかめる (tsukameru)can grasp |
| Polite potential | つかめます (tsukamemasu)can grasp |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | つかもう (tsukamou)let's grasp! |
| Polite volitional | つかみましょう (tsukamimashou)let's grasp! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | つかみたい (tsukamitai)want to grasp |
| Polite desire, tai | つかみたいです (tsukamitaidesu)want to grasp |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | つかまれる (tsukamareru)be affected when someone grasps |
| Polite passive | つかまれます (tsukamaremasu)be affected when someone grasps |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | つかませる (tsukamaseru)make or let someone grasp |
| Polite causative | つかませます (tsukamasemasu)make or let someone grasp |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | つかませられる (tsukamaserareru)be made to grasp |
| Polite causative-passive | つかませられます (tsukamaseraremasu)be made to grasp |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | つかむな (tsukamuna)do not grasp! |
| Polite negative request | つかまないでください (tsukamanaidekudasai)please do not grasp |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | つかみます (tsukamimasu)grasp |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | つかみません (tsukamimasen)do not grasp |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | つかみました (tsukamimashita)grasped |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | つかみませんでした (tsukamimasendeshita)did not grasp |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | つかんでください (tsukandekudasai)please grasp |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | つかまないでください (tsukamanaidekudasai)please do not grasp |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | つかみましょう (tsukamimashou)let's grasp! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | つかんでもいい (tsukandemoii)may grasp |
| Polite permission | つかんでもいいです (tsukandemoiidesu)may grasp |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | つかんではいけない (tsukandehaikenai)must not grasp |
| Polite prohibition | つかんではいけません (tsukandehaikemasen)must not grasp |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | つかみなさい (tsukaminasai)grasp (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | つかんでみる (tsukandemiru)try to grasp |
| Polite try doing | つかんでみます (tsukandemimasu)try to grasp |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | つかんでしまう (tsukandeshimau)grasp completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | つかんでしまいます (tsukandeshimaimasu)grasp completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | つかんでおく (tsukandeoku)grasp in advance |
| Polite preparation | つかんでおきます (tsukandeokimasu)grasp in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | つかんだことがある (tsukandakotogaaru)have the experience of: grasped |
| Polite past experience | つかんだことがあります (tsukandakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: grasped |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | つかむと (tsukamuto)whenever you grasp |
| Polite automatic result | つかみますと (tsukamimasuto)whenever you grasp |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | つかむなら (tsukamunara)if you mean to grasp |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | つかむだろう (tsukamudarou)probably grasp |
| Polite probability | つかむでしょう (tsukamudeshou)probably grasp |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | つかめ (tsukame)grasp! |
| Polite request | つかんでください (tsukandekudasai)please grasp |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.