Japanese reference
やる
to do (casual)
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | やる (yaru)do |
| Polite, masu | やります (yarimasu)do |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | やらない (yaranai)do not do |
| Polite negative | やりません (yarimasen)do not do |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | やった (yatta)did |
| Polite past | やりました (yarimashita)did |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | やらなかった (yaranakatta)did not do |
| Polite past negative | やりませんでした (yarimasendeshita)did not do |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | やって (yatte)doing (and then) |
| Polite te-form | やりまして (yarimashite)doing (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | やっている (yatteiru)be doing |
| Polite te-iru | やっています (yatteimasu)be doing |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | やれば (yareba)if you do |
| Rare literary polite conditional | やりますれば (yarimasureba)if you do (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | やったら (yattara)if you do |
| Polite conditional, tara | やりましたら (yarimashitara)if you do |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | やれる (yareru)can do |
| Polite potential | やれます (yaremasu)can do |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | やろう (yarou)let's do! |
| Polite volitional | やりましょう (yarimashou)let's do! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | やりたい (yaritai)want to do |
| Polite desire, tai | やりたいです (yaritaidesu)want to do |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | やられる (yarareru)be affected when someone does |
| Polite passive | やられます (yararemasu)be affected when someone does |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | やらせる (yaraseru)make or let someone do |
| Polite causative | やらせます (yarasemasu)make or let someone do |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | やらせられる (yaraserareru)be made to do |
| Polite causative-passive | やらせられます (yaraseraremasu)be made to do |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | やるな (yaruna)do not do! |
| Polite negative request | やらないでください (yaranaidekudasai)please do not do |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | やります (yarimasu)do |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | やりません (yarimasen)do not do |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | やりました (yarimashita)did |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | やりませんでした (yarimasendeshita)did not do |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | やってください (yattekudasai)please do |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | やらないでください (yaranaidekudasai)please do not do |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | やりましょう (yarimashou)let's do! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | やってもいい (yattemoii)may do |
| Polite permission | やってもいいです (yattemoiidesu)may do |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | やってはいけない (yattehaikenai)must not do |
| Polite prohibition | やってはいけません (yattehaikemasen)must not do |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | やりなさい (yarinasai)do (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | やってみる (yattemiru)try to do |
| Polite try doing | やってみます (yattemimasu)try to do |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | やってしまう (yatteshimau)do completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | やってしまいます (yatteshimaimasu)do completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | やっておく (yatteoku)do in advance |
| Polite preparation | やっておきます (yatteokimasu)do in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | やったことがある (yattakotogaaru)have the experience of: did |
| Polite past experience | やったことがあります (yattakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: did |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | やると (yaruto)whenever you do |
| Polite automatic result | やりますと (yarimasuto)whenever you do |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | やるなら (yarunara)if you mean to do |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | やるだろう (yarudarou)probably do |
| Polite probability | やるでしょう (yarudeshou)probably do |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | やれ (yare)do! |
| Polite request | やってください (yattekudasai)please do |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.