Japanese reference
伴う
ともなう
to accompany; to entail
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | ともなう (tomonau)accompany |
| Polite, masu | ともないます (tomonaimasu)accompany |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | ともなわない (tomonawanai)do not accompany |
| Polite negative | ともないません (tomonaimasen)do not accompany |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | ともなった (tomonatta)accompanied |
| Polite past | ともないました (tomonaimashita)accompanied |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | ともなわなかった (tomonawanakatta)did not accompany |
| Polite past negative | ともないませんでした (tomonaimasendeshita)did not accompany |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | ともなって (tomonatte)accompanying (and then) |
| Polite te-form | ともないまして (tomonaimashite)accompanying (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | ともなっている (tomonatteiru)be accompanying |
| Polite te-iru | ともなっています (tomonatteimasu)be accompanying |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | ともなえば (tomonaeba)if you accompany |
| Rare literary polite conditional | ともないますれば (tomonaimasureba)if you accompany (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | ともなったら (tomonattara)if you accompany |
| Polite conditional, tara | ともないましたら (tomonaimashitara)if you accompany |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | ともなえる (tomonaeru)can accompany |
| Polite potential | ともなえます (tomonaemasu)can accompany |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | ともなおう (tomonaou)let's accompany! |
| Polite volitional | ともないましょう (tomonaimashou)let's accompany! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | ともないたい (tomonaitai)want to accompany |
| Polite desire, tai | ともないたいです (tomonaitaidesu)want to accompany |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | ともなわれる (tomonawareru)be affected when someone accompanies |
| Polite passive | ともなわれます (tomonawaremasu)be affected when someone accompanies |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | ともなわせる (tomonawaseru)make or let someone accompany |
| Polite causative | ともなわせます (tomonawasemasu)make or let someone accompany |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | ともなわせられる (tomonawaserareru)be made to accompany |
| Polite causative-passive | ともなわせられます (tomonawaseraremasu)be made to accompany |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | ともなうな (tomonauna)do not accompany! |
| Polite negative request | ともなわないでください (tomonawanaidekudasai)please do not accompany |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | ともないます (tomonaimasu)accompany |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | ともないません (tomonaimasen)do not accompany |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | ともないました (tomonaimashita)accompanied |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | ともないませんでした (tomonaimasendeshita)did not accompany |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | ともなってください (tomonattekudasai)please accompany |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | ともなわないでください (tomonawanaidekudasai)please do not accompany |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | ともないましょう (tomonaimashou)let's accompany! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | ともなってもいい (tomonattemoii)may accompany |
| Polite permission | ともなってもいいです (tomonattemoiidesu)may accompany |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | ともなってはいけない (tomonattehaikenai)must not accompany |
| Polite prohibition | ともなってはいけません (tomonattehaikemasen)must not accompany |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | ともないなさい (tomonainasai)accompany (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | ともなってみる (tomonattemiru)try to accompany |
| Polite try doing | ともなってみます (tomonattemimasu)try to accompany |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | ともなってしまう (tomonatteshimau)accompany completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | ともなってしまいます (tomonatteshimaimasu)accompany completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | ともなっておく (tomonatteoku)accompany in advance |
| Polite preparation | ともなっておきます (tomonatteokimasu)accompany in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | ともなったことがある (tomonattakotogaaru)have the experience of: accompanied |
| Polite past experience | ともなったことがあります (tomonattakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: accompanied |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | ともなうと (tomonauto)whenever you accompany |
| Polite automatic result | ともないますと (tomonaimasuto)whenever you accompany |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | ともなうなら (tomonaunara)if you mean to accompany |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | ともなうだろう (tomonaudarou)probably accompany |
| Polite probability | ともなうでしょう (tomonaudeshou)probably accompany |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | ともなえ (tomonae)accompany! |
| Polite request | ともなってください (tomonattekudasai)please accompany |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.