Japanese reference
分かる
わかる
to understand; to know
Regular · 29 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | わかる (wakaru)understand |
| Polite, masu | わかります (wakarimasu)understand |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | わからない (wakaranai)do not understand |
| Polite negative | わかりません (wakarimasen)do not understand |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | わかった (wakatta)understood |
| Polite past | わかりました (wakarimashita)understood |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | わからなかった (wakaranakatta)did not understand |
| Polite past negative | わかりませんでした (wakarimasendeshita)did not understand |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | わかって (wakatte)understanding (and then) |
| Polite te-form | わかりまして (wakarimashite)understanding (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | わかっている (wakatteiru)understand |
| Polite te-iru | わかっています (wakatteimasu)understand |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | わかれば (wakareba)if you understand |
| Rare literary polite conditional | わかりますれば (wakarimasureba)if you understand (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | わかったら (wakattara)if you understand |
| Polite conditional, tara | わかりましたら (wakarimashitara)if you understand |
Mood
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | わかろう (wakarou)let's understand! |
| Polite volitional | わかりましょう (wakarimashou)let's understand! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | わかりたい (wakaritai)want to understand |
| Polite desire, tai | わかりたいです (wakaritaidesu)want to understand |
Voice
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | わからせる (wakaraseru)make or let someone understand |
| Polite causative | わからせます (wakarasemasu)make or let someone understand |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | わからせられる (wakaraserareru)be made to understand |
| Polite causative-passive | わからせられます (wakaraseraremasu)be made to understand |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | わかるな (wakaruna)do not understand! |
| Polite negative request | わからないでください (wakaranaidekudasai)please do not understand |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | わかります (wakarimasu)understand |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | わかりません (wakarimasen)do not understand |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | わかりました (wakarimashita)understood |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | わかりませんでした (wakarimasendeshita)did not understand |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | わかってください (wakattekudasai)please understand |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | わからないでください (wakaranaidekudasai)please do not understand |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | わかりましょう (wakarimashou)let's understand! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | わかってもいい (wakattemoii)may understand |
| Polite permission | わかってもいいです (wakattemoiidesu)may understand |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | わかってはいけない (wakattehaikenai)must not understand |
| Polite prohibition | わかってはいけません (wakattehaikemasen)must not understand |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | わかりなさい (wakarinasai)understand (instruction) |
Aspect
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | わかってしまう (wakatteshimau)understand completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | わかってしまいます (wakatteshimaimasu)understand completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | わかっておく (wakatteoku)understand in advance |
| Polite preparation | わかっておきます (wakatteokimasu)understand in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | わかったことがある (wakattakotogaaru)have the experience of: understood |
| Polite past experience | わかったことがあります (wakattakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: understood |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | わかると (wakaruto)whenever you understand |
| Polite automatic result | わかりますと (wakarimasuto)whenever you understand |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | わかるなら (wakarunara)if you mean to understand |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | わかるだろう (wakarudarou)probably understand |
| Polite probability | わかるでしょう (wakarudeshou)probably understand |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | わかれ (wakare)understand! |
| Polite request | わかってください (wakattekudasai)please understand |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.