Japanese reference
勉強する
べんきょうする
to study
Irregular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | べんきょうする (benkyousuru)study |
| Polite, masu | べんきょうします (benkyoushimasu)study |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | べんきょうしない (benkyoushinai)do not study |
| Polite negative | べんきょうしません (benkyoushimasen)do not study |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | べんきょうした (benkyoushita)studied |
| Polite past | べんきょうしました (benkyoushimashita)studied |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | べんきょうしなかった (benkyoushinakatta)did not study |
| Polite past negative | べんきょうしませんでした (benkyoushimasendeshita)did not study |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | べんきょうして (benkyoushite)studying (and then) |
| Polite te-form | べんきょうしまして (benkyoushimashite)studying (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | べんきょうしている (benkyoushiteiru)be studying |
| Polite te-iru | べんきょうしています (benkyoushiteimasu)be studying |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | べんきょうすれば (benkyousureba)if you study |
| Rare literary polite conditional | べんきょうしますれば (benkyoushimasureba)if you study (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | べんきょうしたら (benkyoushitara)if you study |
| Polite conditional, tara | べんきょうしましたら (benkyoushimashitara)if you study |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | べんきょうできる (benkyoudekiru)can study |
| Polite potential | べんきょうできます (benkyoudekimasu)can study |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | べんきょうしよう (benkyoushiyou)let's study! |
| Polite volitional | べんきょうしましょう (benkyoushimashou)let's study! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | べんきょうしたい (benkyoushitai)want to study |
| Polite desire, tai | べんきょうしたいです (benkyoushitaidesu)want to study |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | べんきょうされる (benkyousareru)be affected when someone studies |
| Polite passive | べんきょうされます (benkyousaremasu)be affected when someone studies |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | べんきょうさせる (benkyousaseru)make or let someone study |
| Polite causative | べんきょうさせます (benkyousasemasu)make or let someone study |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | べんきょうさせられる (benkyousaserareru)be made to study |
| Polite causative-passive | べんきょうさせられます (benkyousaseraremasu)be made to study |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | べんきょうするな (benkyousuruna)do not study! |
| Polite negative request | べんきょうしないでください (benkyoushinaidekudasai)please do not study |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | べんきょうします (benkyoushimasu)study |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | べんきょうしません (benkyoushimasen)do not study |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | べんきょうしました (benkyoushimashita)studied |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | べんきょうしませんでした (benkyoushimasendeshita)did not study |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | べんきょうしてください (benkyoushitekudasai)please study |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | べんきょうしないでください (benkyoushinaidekudasai)please do not study |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | べんきょうしましょう (benkyoushimashou)let's study! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | べんきょうしてもいい (benkyoushitemoii)may study |
| Polite permission | べんきょうしてもいいです (benkyoushitemoiidesu)may study |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | べんきょうしてはいけない (benkyoushitehaikenai)must not study |
| Polite prohibition | べんきょうしてはいけません (benkyoushitehaikemasen)must not study |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | べんきょうしなさい (benkyoushinasai)study (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | べんきょうしてみる (benkyoushitemiru)try to study |
| Polite try doing | べんきょうしてみます (benkyoushitemimasu)try to study |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | べんきょうしてしまう (benkyoushiteshimau)study completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | べんきょうしてしまいます (benkyoushiteshimaimasu)study completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | べんきょうしておく (benkyoushiteoku)study in advance |
| Polite preparation | べんきょうしておきます (benkyoushiteokimasu)study in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | べんきょうしたことがある (benkyoushitakotogaaru)have the experience of: studied |
| Polite past experience | べんきょうしたことがあります (benkyoushitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: studied |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | べんきょうすると (benkyousuruto)whenever you study |
| Polite automatic result | べんきょうしますと (benkyoushimasuto)whenever you study |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | べんきょうするなら (benkyousurunara)if you mean to study |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | べんきょうするだろう (benkyousurudarou)probably study |
| Polite probability | べんきょうするでしょう (benkyousurudeshou)probably study |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | べんきょうしろ (benkyoushiro)study! |
| Polite request | べんきょうしてください (benkyoushitekudasai)please study |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.