Japanese reference
去る
さる
to leave; to depart
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | さる (saru)leave |
| Polite, masu | さります (sarimasu)leave |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | さらない (saranai)do not leave |
| Polite negative | さりません (sarimasen)do not leave |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | さった (satta)left |
| Polite past | さりました (sarimashita)left |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | さらなかった (saranakatta)did not leave |
| Polite past negative | さりませんでした (sarimasendeshita)did not leave |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | さって (satte)leaving (and then) |
| Polite te-form | さりまして (sarimashite)leaving (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | さっている (satteiru)be leaving |
| Polite te-iru | さっています (satteimasu)be leaving |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | されば (sareba)if you leave |
| Rare literary polite conditional | さりますれば (sarimasureba)if you leave (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | さったら (sattara)if you leave |
| Polite conditional, tara | さりましたら (sarimashitara)if you leave |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | される (sareru)can leave |
| Polite potential | されます (saremasu)can leave |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | さろう (sarou)let's leave! |
| Polite volitional | さりましょう (sarimashou)let's leave! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | さりたい (saritai)want to leave |
| Polite desire, tai | さりたいです (saritaidesu)want to leave |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | さられる (sarareru)be affected when someone leaves |
| Polite passive | さられます (sararemasu)be affected when someone leaves |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | さらせる (saraseru)make or let someone leave |
| Polite causative | さらせます (sarasemasu)make or let someone leave |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | さらせられる (saraserareru)be made to leave |
| Polite causative-passive | さらせられます (saraseraremasu)be made to leave |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | さるな (saruna)do not leave! |
| Polite negative request | さらないでください (saranaidekudasai)please do not leave |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | さります (sarimasu)leave |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | さりません (sarimasen)do not leave |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | さりました (sarimashita)left |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | さりませんでした (sarimasendeshita)did not leave |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | さってください (sattekudasai)please leave |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | さらないでください (saranaidekudasai)please do not leave |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | さりましょう (sarimashou)let's leave! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | さってもいい (sattemoii)may leave |
| Polite permission | さってもいいです (sattemoiidesu)may leave |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | さってはいけない (sattehaikenai)must not leave |
| Polite prohibition | さってはいけません (sattehaikemasen)must not leave |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | さりなさい (sarinasai)leave (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | さってみる (sattemiru)try to leave |
| Polite try doing | さってみます (sattemimasu)try to leave |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | さってしまう (satteshimau)leave completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | さってしまいます (satteshimaimasu)leave completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | さっておく (satteoku)leave in advance |
| Polite preparation | さっておきます (satteokimasu)leave in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | さったことがある (sattakotogaaru)have the experience of: left |
| Polite past experience | さったことがあります (sattakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: left |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | さると (saruto)whenever you leave |
| Polite automatic result | さりますと (sarimasuto)whenever you leave |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | さるなら (sarunara)if you mean to leave |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | さるだろう (sarudarou)probably leave |
| Polite probability | さるでしょう (sarudeshou)probably leave |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | され (sare)leave! |
| Polite request | さってください (sattekudasai)please leave |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.