Japanese reference
咲く
さく
to bloom
Regular · 26 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | さく (saku)a flower blooms |
| Polite, masu | さきます (sakimasu)a flower blooms |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | さかない (sakanai)a flower does not bloom |
| Polite negative | さきません (sakimasen)a flower does not bloom |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | さいた (saita)a flower bloomed |
| Polite past | さきました (sakimashita)a flower bloomed |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | さかなかった (sakanakatta)a flower did not bloom |
| Polite past negative | さきませんでした (sakimasendeshita)a flower did not bloom |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | さいて (saite)blooming (and then) |
| Polite te-form | さきまして (sakimashite)blooming (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | さいている (saiteiru)a flower is blooming |
| Polite te-iru | さいています (saiteimasu)a flower is blooming |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | さけば (sakeba)if a flower blooms |
| Rare literary polite conditional | さきますれば (sakimasureba)if a flower blooms (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | さいたら (saitara)if a flower blooms |
| Polite conditional, tara | さきましたら (sakimashitara)if a flower blooms |
Voice
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | さかせる (sakaseru)cause a flower to bloom |
| Polite causative | さかせます (sakasemasu)cause a flower to bloom |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | さくな (sakuna)do not bloom! |
| Polite negative request | さかないでください (sakanaidekudasai)please do not bloom |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | さきます (sakimasu)a flower blooms |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | さきません (sakimasen)a flower does not bloom |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | さきました (sakimashita)a flower bloomed |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | さきませんでした (sakimasendeshita)a flower did not bloom |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | さいてください (saitekudasai)please bloom |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | さかないでください (sakanaidekudasai)please do not bloom |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | さいてもいい (saitemoii)may a flower blooms |
| Polite permission | さいてもいいです (saitemoiidesu)may a flower blooms |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | さいてはいけない (saitehaikenai)must not a flower blooms |
| Polite prohibition | さいてはいけません (saitehaikemasen)must not a flower blooms |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | さきなさい (sakinasai)a flower blooms (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | さいてみる (saitemiru)try to a flower blooms |
| Polite try doing | さいてみます (saitemimasu)try to a flower blooms |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | さいてしまう (saiteshimau)a flower blooms completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | さいてしまいます (saiteshimaimasu)a flower blooms completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | さいておく (saiteoku)a flower blooms in advance |
| Polite preparation | さいておきます (saiteokimasu)a flower blooms in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | さいたことがある (saitakotogaaru)have the experience of: a flower bloomed |
| Polite past experience | さいたことがあります (saitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: a flower bloomed |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | さくと (sakuto)whenever you a flower blooms |
| Polite automatic result | さきますと (sakimasuto)whenever you a flower blooms |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | さくなら (sakunara)if you mean to a flower blooms |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | さくだろう (sakudarou)probably a flower blooms |
| Polite probability | さくでしょう (sakudeshou)probably a flower blooms |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | さけ (sake)bloom! |
| Polite request | さいてください (saitekudasai)please bloom |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.