Japanese reference
始まる
はじまる
to begin (it starts by itself)
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | はじまる (hajimaru)begin |
| Polite, masu | はじまります (hajimarimasu)begin |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | はじまらない (hajimaranai)do not begin |
| Polite negative | はじまりません (hajimarimasen)do not begin |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | はじまった (hajimatta)began |
| Polite past | はじまりました (hajimarimashita)began |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | はじまらなかった (hajimaranakatta)did not begin |
| Polite past negative | はじまりませんでした (hajimarimasendeshita)did not begin |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | はじまって (hajimatte)begining (and then) |
| Polite te-form | はじまりまして (hajimarimashite)begining (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | はじまっている (hajimatteiru)have started |
| Polite te-iru | はじまっています (hajimatteimasu)have started |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | はじまれば (hajimareba)if you begin |
| Rare literary polite conditional | はじまりますれば (hajimarimasureba)if you begin (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | はじまったら (hajimattara)if you begin |
| Polite conditional, tara | はじまりましたら (hajimarimashitara)if you begin |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | はじまれる (hajimareru)can begin |
| Polite potential | はじまれます (hajimaremasu)can begin |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | はじまろう (hajimarou)let's begin! |
| Polite volitional | はじまりましょう (hajimarimashou)let's begin! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | はじまりたい (hajimaritai)want to begin |
| Polite desire, tai | はじまりたいです (hajimaritaidesu)want to begin |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | はじまられる (hajimarareru)be affected when someone begins |
| Polite passive | はじまられます (hajimararemasu)be affected when someone begins |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | はじまらせる (hajimaraseru)make or let someone begin |
| Polite causative | はじまらせます (hajimarasemasu)make or let someone begin |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | はじまらせられる (hajimaraserareru)be made to begin |
| Polite causative-passive | はじまらせられます (hajimaraseraremasu)be made to begin |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | はじまるな (hajimaruna)do not begin! |
| Polite negative request | はじまらないでください (hajimaranaidekudasai)please do not begin |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | はじまります (hajimarimasu)begin |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | はじまりません (hajimarimasen)do not begin |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | はじまりました (hajimarimashita)began |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | はじまりませんでした (hajimarimasendeshita)did not begin |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | はじまってください (hajimattekudasai)please begin |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | はじまらないでください (hajimaranaidekudasai)please do not begin |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | はじまりましょう (hajimarimashou)let's begin! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | はじまってもいい (hajimattemoii)may begin |
| Polite permission | はじまってもいいです (hajimattemoiidesu)may begin |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | はじまってはいけない (hajimattehaikenai)must not begin |
| Polite prohibition | はじまってはいけません (hajimattehaikemasen)must not begin |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | はじまりなさい (hajimarinasai)begin (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | はじまってみる (hajimattemiru)try to begin |
| Polite try doing | はじまってみます (hajimattemimasu)try to begin |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | はじまってしまう (hajimatteshimau)begin completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | はじまってしまいます (hajimatteshimaimasu)begin completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | はじまっておく (hajimatteoku)begin in advance |
| Polite preparation | はじまっておきます (hajimatteokimasu)begin in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | はじまったことがある (hajimattakotogaaru)have the experience of: began |
| Polite past experience | はじまったことがあります (hajimattakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: began |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | はじまると (hajimaruto)whenever you begin |
| Polite automatic result | はじまりますと (hajimarimasuto)whenever you begin |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | はじまるなら (hajimarunara)if you mean to begin |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | はじまるだろう (hajimarudarou)probably begin |
| Polite probability | はじまるでしょう (hajimarudeshou)probably begin |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | はじまれ (hajimare)begin! |
| Polite request | はじまってください (hajimattekudasai)please begin |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.