Japanese reference
就く
つく
to take up a position; to go to bed
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | つく (tsuku)take up a position |
| Polite, masu | つきます (tsukimasu)take up a position |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | つかない (tsukanai)do not take up a position |
| Polite negative | つきません (tsukimasen)do not take up a position |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | ついた (tsuita)took up a position |
| Polite past | つきました (tsukimashita)took up a position |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | つかなかった (tsukanakatta)did not take up a position |
| Polite past negative | つきませんでした (tsukimasendeshita)did not take up a position |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | ついて (tsuite)taking up a position (and then) |
| Polite te-form | つきまして (tsukimashite)taking up a position (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | ついている (tsuiteiru)hold a position |
| Polite te-iru | ついています (tsuiteimasu)hold a position |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | つけば (tsukeba)if you take up a position |
| Rare literary polite conditional | つきますれば (tsukimasureba)if you take up a position (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | ついたら (tsuitara)if you take up a position |
| Polite conditional, tara | つきましたら (tsukimashitara)if you take up a position |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | つける (tsukeru)can take up a position |
| Polite potential | つけます (tsukemasu)can take up a position |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | つこう (tsukou)let's take up a position! |
| Polite volitional | つきましょう (tsukimashou)let's take up a position! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | つきたい (tsukitai)want to take up a position |
| Polite desire, tai | つきたいです (tsukitaidesu)want to take up a position |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | つかれる (tsukareru)be affected when someone takes up a position |
| Polite passive | つかれます (tsukaremasu)be affected when someone takes up a position |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | つかせる (tsukaseru)make or let someone take up a position |
| Polite causative | つかせます (tsukasemasu)make or let someone take up a position |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | つかせられる (tsukaserareru)be made to take up a position |
| Polite causative-passive | つかせられます (tsukaseraremasu)be made to take up a position |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | つくな (tsukuna)do not take up a position! |
| Polite negative request | つかないでください (tsukanaidekudasai)please do not take up a position |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | つきます (tsukimasu)take up a position |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | つきません (tsukimasen)do not take up a position |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | つきました (tsukimashita)took up a position |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | つきませんでした (tsukimasendeshita)did not take up a position |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | ついてください (tsuitekudasai)please take up a position |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | つかないでください (tsukanaidekudasai)please do not take up a position |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | つきましょう (tsukimashou)let's take up a position! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | ついてもいい (tsuitemoii)may take up a position |
| Polite permission | ついてもいいです (tsuitemoiidesu)may take up a position |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | ついてはいけない (tsuitehaikenai)must not take up a position |
| Polite prohibition | ついてはいけません (tsuitehaikemasen)must not take up a position |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | つきなさい (tsukinasai)take up a position (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | ついてみる (tsuitemiru)try to take up a position |
| Polite try doing | ついてみます (tsuitemimasu)try to take up a position |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | ついてしまう (tsuiteshimau)take up a position completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | ついてしまいます (tsuiteshimaimasu)take up a position completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | ついておく (tsuiteoku)take up a position in advance |
| Polite preparation | ついておきます (tsuiteokimasu)take up a position in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | ついたことがある (tsuitakotogaaru)have the experience of: took up a position |
| Polite past experience | ついたことがあります (tsuitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: took up a position |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | つくと (tsukuto)whenever you take up a position |
| Polite automatic result | つきますと (tsukimasuto)whenever you take up a position |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | つくなら (tsukunara)if you mean to take up a position |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | つくだろう (tsukudarou)probably take up a position |
| Polite probability | つくでしょう (tsukudeshou)probably take up a position |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | つけ (tsuke)take up a position! |
| Polite request | ついてください (tsuitekudasai)please take up a position |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.