Japanese reference
差す
さす
to shine in; to hold up (an umbrella)
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
Audio requires a compatible voice in your browser.
Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | さす (sasu)hold up an umbrella |
| Polite, masu | さします (sashimasu)hold up an umbrella |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | ささない (sasanai)do not hold up an umbrella |
| Polite negative | さしません (sashimasen)do not hold up an umbrella |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | さした (sashita)held up an umbrella |
| Polite past | さしました (sashimashita)held up an umbrella |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | ささなかった (sasanakatta)did not hold up an umbrella |
| Polite past negative | さしませんでした (sashimasendeshita)did not hold up an umbrella |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | さして (sashite)holding up an umbrella (and then) |
| Polite te-form | さしまして (sashimashite)holding up an umbrella (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | さしている (sashiteiru)be holding up an umbrella |
| Polite te-iru | さしています (sashiteimasu)be holding up an umbrella |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | させば (saseba)if you hold up an umbrella |
| Rare literary polite conditional | さしますれば (sashimasureba)if you hold up an umbrella (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | さしたら (sashitara)if you hold up an umbrella |
| Polite conditional, tara | さしましたら (sashimashitara)if you hold up an umbrella |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | させる (saseru)can hold up an umbrella |
| Polite potential | させます (sasemasu)can hold up an umbrella |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | さそう (sasou)let's hold up an umbrella! |
| Polite volitional | さしましょう (sashimashou)let's hold up an umbrella! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | さしたい (sashitai)want to hold up an umbrella |
| Polite desire, tai | さしたいです (sashitaidesu)want to hold up an umbrella |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | さされる (sasareru)be affected when someone holds up an umbrella |
| Polite passive | さされます (sasaremasu)be affected when someone holds up an umbrella |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | ささせる (sasaseru)make or let someone hold up an umbrella |
| Polite causative | ささせます (sasasemasu)make or let someone hold up an umbrella |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | ささせられる (sasaserareru)be made to hold up an umbrella |
| Polite causative-passive | ささせられます (sasaseraremasu)be made to hold up an umbrella |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | さすな (sasuna)do not hold up an umbrella! |
| Polite negative request | ささないでください (sasanaidekudasai)please do not hold up an umbrella |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | さします (sashimasu)hold up an umbrella |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | さしません (sashimasen)do not hold up an umbrella |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | さしました (sashimashita)held up an umbrella |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | さしませんでした (sashimasendeshita)did not hold up an umbrella |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | さしてください (sashitekudasai)please hold up an umbrella |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | ささないでください (sasanaidekudasai)please do not hold up an umbrella |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | さしましょう (sashimashou)let's hold up an umbrella! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | さしてもいい (sashitemoii)may hold up an umbrella |
| Polite permission | さしてもいいです (sashitemoiidesu)may hold up an umbrella |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | さしてはいけない (sashitehaikenai)must not hold up an umbrella |
| Polite prohibition | さしてはいけません (sashitehaikemasen)must not hold up an umbrella |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | さしなさい (sashinasai)hold up an umbrella (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | さしてみる (sashitemiru)try to hold up an umbrella |
| Polite try doing | さしてみます (sashitemimasu)try to hold up an umbrella |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | さしてしまう (sashiteshimau)hold up an umbrella completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | さしてしまいます (sashiteshimaimasu)hold up an umbrella completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | さしておく (sashiteoku)hold up an umbrella in advance |
| Polite preparation | さしておきます (sashiteokimasu)hold up an umbrella in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | さしたことがある (sashitakotogaaru)have the experience of: held up an umbrella |
| Polite past experience | さしたことがあります (sashitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: held up an umbrella |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | さすと (sasuto)whenever you hold up an umbrella |
| Polite automatic result | さしますと (sashimasuto)whenever you hold up an umbrella |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | さすなら (sasunara)if you mean to hold up an umbrella |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | さすだろう (sasudarou)probably hold up an umbrella |
| Polite probability | さすでしょう (sasudeshou)probably hold up an umbrella |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | させ (sase)hold up an umbrella! |
| Polite request | さしてください (sashitekudasai)please hold up an umbrella |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.