Japanese reference
得る
える
to obtain; gain
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | える (eru)obtain |
| Polite, masu | えます (emasu)obtain |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | えない (enai)do not obtain |
| Polite negative | えません (emasen)do not obtain |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | えた (eta)obtained |
| Polite past | えました (emashita)obtained |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | えなかった (enakatta)did not obtain |
| Polite past negative | えませんでした (emasendeshita)did not obtain |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | えて (ete)obtaining (and then) |
| Polite te-form | えまして (emashite)obtaining (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | えている (eteiru)be obtaining |
| Polite te-iru | えています (eteimasu)be obtaining |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | えれば (ereba)if you obtain |
| Rare literary polite conditional | えますれば (emasureba)if you obtain (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | えたら (etara)if you obtain |
| Polite conditional, tara | えましたら (emashitara)if you obtain |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | えられる (erareru)can obtain |
| Polite potential | えられます (eraremasu)can obtain |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | えよう (eyou)let's obtain! |
| Polite volitional | えましょう (emashou)let's obtain! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | えたい (etai)want to obtain |
| Polite desire, tai | えたいです (etaidesu)want to obtain |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | えられる (erareru)be obtained |
| Polite passive | えられます (eraremasu)be obtained |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | えさせる (esaseru)make or let someone obtain |
| Polite causative | えさせます (esasemasu)make or let someone obtain |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | えさせられる (esaserareru)be made to obtain |
| Polite causative-passive | えさせられます (esaseraremasu)be made to obtain |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | えるな (eruna)do not obtain! |
| Polite negative request | えないでください (enaidekudasai)please do not obtain |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | えます (emasu)obtain |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | えません (emasen)do not obtain |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | えました (emashita)obtained |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | えませんでした (emasendeshita)did not obtain |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | えてください (etekudasai)please obtain |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | えないでください (enaidekudasai)please do not obtain |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | えましょう (emashou)let's obtain! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | えてもいい (etemoii)may obtain |
| Polite permission | えてもいいです (etemoiidesu)may obtain |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | えてはいけない (etehaikenai)must not obtain |
| Polite prohibition | えてはいけません (etehaikemasen)must not obtain |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | えなさい (enasai)obtain (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | えてみる (etemiru)try to obtain |
| Polite try doing | えてみます (etemimasu)try to obtain |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | えてしまう (eteshimau)obtain completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | えてしまいます (eteshimaimasu)obtain completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | えておく (eteoku)obtain in advance |
| Polite preparation | えておきます (eteokimasu)obtain in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | えたことがある (etakotogaaru)have the experience of: obtained |
| Polite past experience | えたことがあります (etakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: obtained |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | えると (eruto)whenever you obtain |
| Polite automatic result | えますと (emasuto)whenever you obtain |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | えるなら (erunara)if you mean to obtain |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | えるだろう (erudarou)probably obtain |
| Polite probability | えるでしょう (erudeshou)probably obtain |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | えろ (ero)obtain! |
| Polite request | えてください (etekudasai)please obtain |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.