Japanese reference
掻く
かく
to scratch
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | かく (kaku)scratch |
| Polite, masu | かきます (kakimasu)scratch |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | かかない (kakanai)do not scratch |
| Polite negative | かきません (kakimasen)do not scratch |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | かいた (kaita)scratched |
| Polite past | かきました (kakimashita)scratched |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | かかなかった (kakanakatta)did not scratch |
| Polite past negative | かきませんでした (kakimasendeshita)did not scratch |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | かいて (kaite)scratching (and then) |
| Polite te-form | かきまして (kakimashite)scratching (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | かいている (kaiteiru)be scratching |
| Polite te-iru | かいています (kaiteimasu)be scratching |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | かけば (kakeba)if you scratch |
| Rare literary polite conditional | かきますれば (kakimasureba)if you scratch (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | かいたら (kaitara)if you scratch |
| Polite conditional, tara | かきましたら (kakimashitara)if you scratch |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | かける (kakeru)can scratch |
| Polite potential | かけます (kakemasu)can scratch |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | かこう (kakou)let's scratch! |
| Polite volitional | かきましょう (kakimashou)let's scratch! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | かきたい (kakitai)want to scratch |
| Polite desire, tai | かきたいです (kakitaidesu)want to scratch |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | かかれる (kakareru)be scratched |
| Polite passive | かかれます (kakaremasu)be scratched |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | かかせる (kakaseru)make or let someone scratch |
| Polite causative | かかせます (kakasemasu)make or let someone scratch |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | かかせられる (kakaserareru)be made to scratch |
| Polite causative-passive | かかせられます (kakaseraremasu)be made to scratch |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | かくな (kakuna)do not scratch! |
| Polite negative request | かかないでください (kakanaidekudasai)please do not scratch |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | かきます (kakimasu)scratch |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | かきません (kakimasen)do not scratch |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | かきました (kakimashita)scratched |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | かきませんでした (kakimasendeshita)did not scratch |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | かいてください (kaitekudasai)please scratch |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | かかないでください (kakanaidekudasai)please do not scratch |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | かきましょう (kakimashou)let's scratch! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | かいてもいい (kaitemoii)may scratch |
| Polite permission | かいてもいいです (kaitemoiidesu)may scratch |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | かいてはいけない (kaitehaikenai)must not scratch |
| Polite prohibition | かいてはいけません (kaitehaikemasen)must not scratch |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | かきなさい (kakinasai)scratch (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | かいてみる (kaitemiru)try to scratch |
| Polite try doing | かいてみます (kaitemimasu)try to scratch |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | かいてしまう (kaiteshimau)scratch completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | かいてしまいます (kaiteshimaimasu)scratch completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | かいておく (kaiteoku)scratch in advance |
| Polite preparation | かいておきます (kaiteokimasu)scratch in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | かいたことがある (kaitakotogaaru)have the experience of: scratched |
| Polite past experience | かいたことがあります (kaitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: scratched |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | かくと (kakuto)whenever you scratch |
| Polite automatic result | かきますと (kakimasuto)whenever you scratch |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | かくなら (kakunara)if you mean to scratch |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | かくだろう (kakudarou)probably scratch |
| Polite probability | かくでしょう (kakudeshou)probably scratch |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | かけ (kake)scratch! |
| Polite request | かいてください (kaitekudasai)please scratch |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.