Japanese reference
欠席する
けっせきする
to be absent
Irregular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | けっせきする (kessekisuru)be absent |
| Polite, masu | けっせきします (kessekishimasu)be absent |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | けっせきしない (kessekishinai)not be absent |
| Polite negative | けっせきしません (kessekishimasen)not be absent |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | けっせきした (kessekishita)was absent |
| Polite past | けっせきしました (kessekishimashita)was absent |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | けっせきしなかった (kessekishinakatta)was not absent |
| Polite past negative | けっせきしませんでした (kessekishimasendeshita)was not absent |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | けっせきして (kessekishite)being absent (and then) |
| Polite te-form | けっせきしまして (kessekishimashite)being absent (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | けっせきしている (kessekishiteiru)be absent |
| Polite te-iru | けっせきしています (kessekishiteimasu)be absent |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | けっせきすれば (kessekisureba)if you are absent |
| Rare literary polite conditional | けっせきしますれば (kessekishimasureba)if you are absent (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | けっせきしたら (kessekishitara)if you are absent |
| Polite conditional, tara | けっせきしましたら (kessekishimashitara)if you are absent |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | けっせきできる (kessekidekiru)can be absent |
| Polite potential | けっせきできます (kessekidekimasu)can be absent |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | けっせきしよう (kessekishiyou)let's be absent! |
| Polite volitional | けっせきしましょう (kessekishimashou)let's be absent! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | けっせきしたい (kessekishitai)want to be absent |
| Polite desire, tai | けっせきしたいです (kessekishitaidesu)want to be absent |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | けっせきされる (kessekisareru)be affected when someone is absent |
| Polite passive | けっせきされます (kessekisaremasu)be affected when someone is absent |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | けっせきさせる (kessekisaseru)make or let someone be absent |
| Polite causative | けっせきさせます (kessekisasemasu)make or let someone be absent |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | けっせきさせられる (kessekisaserareru)be made to be absent |
| Polite causative-passive | けっせきさせられます (kessekisaseraremasu)be made to be absent |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | けっせきするな (kessekisuruna)do not be absent! |
| Polite negative request | けっせきしないでください (kessekishinaidekudasai)please do not be absent |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | けっせきします (kessekishimasu)be absent |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | けっせきしません (kessekishimasen)not be absent |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | けっせきしました (kessekishimashita)was absent |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | けっせきしませんでした (kessekishimasendeshita)was not absent |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | けっせきしてください (kessekishitekudasai)please be absent |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | けっせきしないでください (kessekishinaidekudasai)please do not be absent |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | けっせきしましょう (kessekishimashou)let's be absent! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | けっせきしてもいい (kessekishitemoii)may be absent |
| Polite permission | けっせきしてもいいです (kessekishitemoiidesu)may be absent |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | けっせきしてはいけない (kessekishitehaikenai)must not be absent |
| Polite prohibition | けっせきしてはいけません (kessekishitehaikemasen)must not be absent |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | けっせきしなさい (kessekishinasai)be absent (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | けっせきしてみる (kessekishitemiru)try to be absent |
| Polite try doing | けっせきしてみます (kessekishitemimasu)try to be absent |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | けっせきしてしまう (kessekishiteshimau)be absent completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | けっせきしてしまいます (kessekishiteshimaimasu)be absent completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | けっせきしておく (kessekishiteoku)be absent in advance |
| Polite preparation | けっせきしておきます (kessekishiteokimasu)be absent in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | けっせきしたことがある (kessekishitakotogaaru)have the experience of: was absent |
| Polite past experience | けっせきしたことがあります (kessekishitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: was absent |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | けっせきすると (kessekisuruto)whenever you be absent |
| Polite automatic result | けっせきしますと (kessekishimasuto)whenever you be absent |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | けっせきするなら (kessekisurunara)if you mean to be absent |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | けっせきするだろう (kessekisurudarou)probably be absent |
| Polite probability | けっせきするでしょう (kessekisurudeshou)probably be absent |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | けっせきしろ (kessekishiro)be absent! |
| Polite request | けっせきしてください (kessekishitekudasai)please be absent |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.