Japanese reference
歩く
あるく
to walk
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | あるく (aruku)walk |
| Polite, masu | あるきます (arukimasu)walk |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | あるかない (arukanai)do not walk |
| Polite negative | あるきません (arukimasen)do not walk |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | あるいた (aruita)walked |
| Polite past | あるきました (arukimashita)walked |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | あるかなかった (arukanakatta)did not walk |
| Polite past negative | あるきませんでした (arukimasendeshita)did not walk |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | あるいて (aruite)walking (and then) |
| Polite te-form | あるきまして (arukimashite)walking (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | あるいている (aruiteiru)be walking |
| Polite te-iru | あるいています (aruiteimasu)be walking |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | あるけば (arukeba)if you walk |
| Rare literary polite conditional | あるきますれば (arukimasureba)if you walk (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | あるいたら (aruitara)if you walk |
| Polite conditional, tara | あるきましたら (arukimashitara)if you walk |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | あるける (arukeru)can walk |
| Polite potential | あるけます (arukemasu)can walk |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | あるこう (arukou)let's walk! |
| Polite volitional | あるきましょう (arukimashou)let's walk! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | あるきたい (arukitai)want to walk |
| Polite desire, tai | あるきたいです (arukitaidesu)want to walk |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | あるかれる (arukareru)be affected when someone walks |
| Polite passive | あるかれます (arukaremasu)be affected when someone walks |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | あるかせる (arukaseru)make or let someone walk |
| Polite causative | あるかせます (arukasemasu)make or let someone walk |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | あるかせられる (arukaserareru)be made to walk |
| Polite causative-passive | あるかせられます (arukaseraremasu)be made to walk |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | あるくな (arukuna)do not walk! |
| Polite negative request | あるかないでください (arukanaidekudasai)please do not walk |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | あるきます (arukimasu)walk |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | あるきません (arukimasen)do not walk |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | あるきました (arukimashita)walked |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | あるきませんでした (arukimasendeshita)did not walk |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | あるいてください (aruitekudasai)please walk |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | あるかないでください (arukanaidekudasai)please do not walk |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | あるきましょう (arukimashou)let's walk! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | あるいてもいい (aruitemoii)may walk |
| Polite permission | あるいてもいいです (aruitemoiidesu)may walk |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | あるいてはいけない (aruitehaikenai)must not walk |
| Polite prohibition | あるいてはいけません (aruitehaikemasen)must not walk |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | あるきなさい (arukinasai)walk (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | あるいてみる (aruitemiru)try to walk |
| Polite try doing | あるいてみます (aruitemimasu)try to walk |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | あるいてしまう (aruiteshimau)walk completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | あるいてしまいます (aruiteshimaimasu)walk completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | あるいておく (aruiteoku)walk in advance |
| Polite preparation | あるいておきます (aruiteokimasu)walk in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | あるいたことがある (aruitakotogaaru)have the experience of: walked |
| Polite past experience | あるいたことがあります (aruitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: walked |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | あるくと (arukuto)whenever you walk |
| Polite automatic result | あるきますと (arukimasuto)whenever you walk |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | あるくなら (arukunara)if you mean to walk |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | あるくだろう (arukudarou)probably walk |
| Polite probability | あるくでしょう (arukudeshou)probably walk |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | あるけ (aruke)walk! |
| Polite request | あるいてください (aruitekudasai)please walk |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.