Japanese reference
死ぬ
しぬ
to die
Regular · 20 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | しぬ (shinu)die |
| Polite, masu | しにます (shinimasu)die |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | しなない (shinanai)do not die |
| Polite negative | しにません (shinimasen)do not die |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | しんだ (shinda)died |
| Polite past | しにました (shinimashita)died |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | しななかった (shinanakatta)did not die |
| Polite past negative | しにませんでした (shinimasendeshita)did not die |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | しんで (shinde)dying (and then) |
| Polite te-form | しにまして (shinimashite)dying (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | しんでいる (shindeiru)be dead |
| Polite te-iru | しんでいます (shindeimasu)be dead |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | しねば (shineba)if you die |
| Rare literary polite conditional | しにますれば (shinimasureba)if you die (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | しんだら (shindara)if you die |
| Polite conditional, tara | しにましたら (shinimashitara)if you die |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | しなれる (shinareru)be affected when someone dies |
| Polite passive | しなれます (shinaremasu)be affected when someone dies |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | しなせる (shinaseru)make or let someone die |
| Polite causative | しなせます (shinasemasu)make or let someone die |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | しなせられる (shinaserareru)be made to die |
| Polite causative-passive | しなせられます (shinaseraremasu)be made to die |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | しにます (shinimasu)die |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | しにません (shinimasen)do not die |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | しにました (shinimashita)died |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | しにませんでした (shinimasendeshita)did not die |
Aspect
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | しんでしまう (shindeshimau)die completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | しんでしまいます (shindeshimaimasu)die completely or regrettably |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | しんだことがある (shindakotogaaru)have the experience of: died |
| Polite past experience | しんだことがあります (shindakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: died |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | しぬと (shinuto)whenever you die |
| Polite automatic result | しにますと (shinimasuto)whenever you die |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | しぬなら (shinunara)if you mean to die |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | しぬだろう (shinudarou)probably die |
| Polite probability | しぬでしょう (shinudeshou)probably die |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.