Japanese reference
留学する
りゅうがくする
to study abroad
Irregular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | りゅうがくする (ryuugakusuru)study abroad |
| Polite, masu | りゅうがくします (ryuugakushimasu)study abroad |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | りゅうがくしない (ryuugakushinai)do not study abroad |
| Polite negative | りゅうがくしません (ryuugakushimasen)do not study abroad |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | りゅうがくした (ryuugakushita)studied abroad |
| Polite past | りゅうがくしました (ryuugakushimashita)studied abroad |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | りゅうがくしなかった (ryuugakushinakatta)did not study abroad |
| Polite past negative | りゅうがくしませんでした (ryuugakushimasendeshita)did not study abroad |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | りゅうがくして (ryuugakushite)studying abroad (and then) |
| Polite te-form | りゅうがくしまして (ryuugakushimashite)studying abroad (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | りゅうがくしている (ryuugakushiteiru)be studying abroad |
| Polite te-iru | りゅうがくしています (ryuugakushiteimasu)be studying abroad |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | りゅうがくすれば (ryuugakusureba)if you study abroad |
| Rare literary polite conditional | りゅうがくしますれば (ryuugakushimasureba)if you study abroad (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | りゅうがくしたら (ryuugakushitara)if you study abroad |
| Polite conditional, tara | りゅうがくしましたら (ryuugakushimashitara)if you study abroad |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | りゅうがくできる (ryuugakudekiru)can study abroad |
| Polite potential | りゅうがくできます (ryuugakudekimasu)can study abroad |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | りゅうがくしよう (ryuugakushiyou)let's study abroad! |
| Polite volitional | りゅうがくしましょう (ryuugakushimashou)let's study abroad! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | りゅうがくしたい (ryuugakushitai)want to study abroad |
| Polite desire, tai | りゅうがくしたいです (ryuugakushitaidesu)want to study abroad |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | りゅうがくされる (ryuugakusareru)be affected when someone studies abroad |
| Polite passive | りゅうがくされます (ryuugakusaremasu)be affected when someone studies abroad |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | りゅうがくさせる (ryuugakusaseru)make or let someone study abroad |
| Polite causative | りゅうがくさせます (ryuugakusasemasu)make or let someone study abroad |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | りゅうがくさせられる (ryuugakusaserareru)be made to study abroad |
| Polite causative-passive | りゅうがくさせられます (ryuugakusaseraremasu)be made to study abroad |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | りゅうがくするな (ryuugakusuruna)do not study abroad! |
| Polite negative request | りゅうがくしないでください (ryuugakushinaidekudasai)please do not study abroad |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | りゅうがくします (ryuugakushimasu)study abroad |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | りゅうがくしません (ryuugakushimasen)do not study abroad |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | りゅうがくしました (ryuugakushimashita)studied abroad |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | りゅうがくしませんでした (ryuugakushimasendeshita)did not study abroad |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | りゅうがくしてください (ryuugakushitekudasai)please study abroad |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | りゅうがくしないでください (ryuugakushinaidekudasai)please do not study abroad |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | りゅうがくしましょう (ryuugakushimashou)let's study abroad! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | りゅうがくしてもいい (ryuugakushitemoii)may study abroad |
| Polite permission | りゅうがくしてもいいです (ryuugakushitemoiidesu)may study abroad |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | りゅうがくしてはいけない (ryuugakushitehaikenai)must not study abroad |
| Polite prohibition | りゅうがくしてはいけません (ryuugakushitehaikemasen)must not study abroad |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | りゅうがくしなさい (ryuugakushinasai)study abroad (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | りゅうがくしてみる (ryuugakushitemiru)try to study abroad |
| Polite try doing | りゅうがくしてみます (ryuugakushitemimasu)try to study abroad |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | りゅうがくしてしまう (ryuugakushiteshimau)study abroad completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | りゅうがくしてしまいます (ryuugakushiteshimaimasu)study abroad completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | りゅうがくしておく (ryuugakushiteoku)study abroad in advance |
| Polite preparation | りゅうがくしておきます (ryuugakushiteokimasu)study abroad in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | りゅうがくしたことがある (ryuugakushitakotogaaru)have the experience of: studied abroad |
| Polite past experience | りゅうがくしたことがあります (ryuugakushitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: studied abroad |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | りゅうがくすると (ryuugakusuruto)whenever you study abroad |
| Polite automatic result | りゅうがくしますと (ryuugakushimasuto)whenever you study abroad |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | りゅうがくするなら (ryuugakusurunara)if you mean to study abroad |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | りゅうがくするだろう (ryuugakusurudarou)probably study abroad |
| Polite probability | りゅうがくするでしょう (ryuugakusurudeshou)probably study abroad |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | りゅうがくしろ (ryuugakushiro)study abroad! |
| Polite request | りゅうがくしてください (ryuugakushitekudasai)please study abroad |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.