Japanese reference
眠る
ねむる
to sleep; be asleep
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | ねむる (nemuru)sleep |
| Polite, masu | ねむります (nemurimasu)sleep |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | ねむらない (nemuranai)do not sleep |
| Polite negative | ねむりません (nemurimasen)do not sleep |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | ねむった (nemutta)slept |
| Polite past | ねむりました (nemurimashita)slept |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | ねむらなかった (nemuranakatta)did not sleep |
| Polite past negative | ねむりませんでした (nemurimasendeshita)did not sleep |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | ねむって (nemutte)sleeping (and then) |
| Polite te-form | ねむりまして (nemurimashite)sleeping (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | ねむっている (nemutteiru)be asleep |
| Polite te-iru | ねむっています (nemutteimasu)be asleep |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | ねむれば (nemureba)if you sleep |
| Rare literary polite conditional | ねむりますれば (nemurimasureba)if you sleep (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | ねむったら (nemuttara)if you sleep |
| Polite conditional, tara | ねむりましたら (nemurimashitara)if you sleep |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | ねむれる (nemureru)can sleep |
| Polite potential | ねむれます (nemuremasu)can sleep |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | ねむろう (nemurou)let's sleep! |
| Polite volitional | ねむりましょう (nemurimashou)let's sleep! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | ねむりたい (nemuritai)want to sleep |
| Polite desire, tai | ねむりたいです (nemuritaidesu)want to sleep |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | ねむられる (nemurareru)be affected when someone sleeps |
| Polite passive | ねむられます (nemuraremasu)be affected when someone sleeps |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | ねむらせる (nemuraseru)make or let someone sleep |
| Polite causative | ねむらせます (nemurasemasu)make or let someone sleep |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | ねむらせられる (nemuraserareru)be made to sleep |
| Polite causative-passive | ねむらせられます (nemuraseraremasu)be made to sleep |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | ねむるな (nemuruna)do not sleep! |
| Polite negative request | ねむらないでください (nemuranaidekudasai)please do not sleep |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | ねむります (nemurimasu)sleep |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | ねむりません (nemurimasen)do not sleep |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | ねむりました (nemurimashita)slept |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | ねむりませんでした (nemurimasendeshita)did not sleep |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | ねむってください (nemuttekudasai)please sleep |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | ねむらないでください (nemuranaidekudasai)please do not sleep |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | ねむりましょう (nemurimashou)let's sleep! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | ねむってもいい (nemuttemoii)may sleep |
| Polite permission | ねむってもいいです (nemuttemoiidesu)may sleep |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | ねむってはいけない (nemuttehaikenai)must not sleep |
| Polite prohibition | ねむってはいけません (nemuttehaikemasen)must not sleep |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | ねむりなさい (nemurinasai)sleep (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | ねむってみる (nemuttemiru)try to sleep |
| Polite try doing | ねむってみます (nemuttemimasu)try to sleep |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | ねむってしまう (nemutteshimau)sleep completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | ねむってしまいます (nemutteshimaimasu)sleep completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | ねむっておく (nemutteoku)sleep in advance |
| Polite preparation | ねむっておきます (nemutteokimasu)sleep in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | ねむったことがある (nemuttakotogaaru)have the experience of: slept |
| Polite past experience | ねむったことがあります (nemuttakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: slept |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | ねむると (nemuruto)whenever you sleep |
| Polite automatic result | ねむりますと (nemurimasuto)whenever you sleep |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | ねむるなら (nemurunara)if you mean to sleep |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | ねむるだろう (nemurudarou)probably sleep |
| Polite probability | ねむるでしょう (nemurudeshou)probably sleep |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | ねむれ (nemure)sleep! |
| Polite request | ねむってください (nemuttekudasai)please sleep |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.