Japanese reference
磨く
みがく
to polish; to brush (teeth)
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | みがく (migaku)polish |
| Polite, masu | みがきます (migakimasu)polish |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | みがかない (migakanai)do not polish |
| Polite negative | みがきません (migakimasen)do not polish |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | みがいた (migaita)polished |
| Polite past | みがきました (migakimashita)polished |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | みがかなかった (migakanakatta)did not polish |
| Polite past negative | みがきませんでした (migakimasendeshita)did not polish |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | みがいて (migaite)polishing (and then) |
| Polite te-form | みがきまして (migakimashite)polishing (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | みがいている (migaiteiru)be polishing |
| Polite te-iru | みがいています (migaiteimasu)be polishing |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | みがけば (migakeba)if you polish |
| Rare literary polite conditional | みがきますれば (migakimasureba)if you polish (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | みがいたら (migaitara)if you polish |
| Polite conditional, tara | みがきましたら (migakimashitara)if you polish |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | みがける (migakeru)can polish |
| Polite potential | みがけます (migakemasu)can polish |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | みがこう (migakou)let's polish! |
| Polite volitional | みがきましょう (migakimashou)let's polish! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | みがきたい (migakitai)want to polish |
| Polite desire, tai | みがきたいです (migakitaidesu)want to polish |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | みがかれる (migakareru)be affected when someone polishes |
| Polite passive | みがかれます (migakaremasu)be affected when someone polishes |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | みがかせる (migakaseru)make or let someone polish |
| Polite causative | みがかせます (migakasemasu)make or let someone polish |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | みがかせられる (migakaserareru)be made to polish |
| Polite causative-passive | みがかせられます (migakaseraremasu)be made to polish |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | みがくな (migakuna)do not polish! |
| Polite negative request | みがかないでください (migakanaidekudasai)please do not polish |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | みがきます (migakimasu)polish |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | みがきません (migakimasen)do not polish |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | みがきました (migakimashita)polished |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | みがきませんでした (migakimasendeshita)did not polish |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | みがいてください (migaitekudasai)please polish |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | みがかないでください (migakanaidekudasai)please do not polish |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | みがきましょう (migakimashou)let's polish! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | みがいてもいい (migaitemoii)may polish |
| Polite permission | みがいてもいいです (migaitemoiidesu)may polish |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | みがいてはいけない (migaitehaikenai)must not polish |
| Polite prohibition | みがいてはいけません (migaitehaikemasen)must not polish |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | みがきなさい (migakinasai)polish (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | みがいてみる (migaitemiru)try to polish |
| Polite try doing | みがいてみます (migaitemimasu)try to polish |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | みがいてしまう (migaiteshimau)polish completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | みがいてしまいます (migaiteshimaimasu)polish completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | みがいておく (migaiteoku)polish in advance |
| Polite preparation | みがいておきます (migaiteokimasu)polish in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | みがいたことがある (migaitakotogaaru)have the experience of: polished |
| Polite past experience | みがいたことがあります (migaitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: polished |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | みがくと (migakuto)whenever you polish |
| Polite automatic result | みがきますと (migakimasuto)whenever you polish |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | みがくなら (migakunara)if you mean to polish |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | みがくだろう (migakudarou)probably polish |
| Polite probability | みがくでしょう (migakudeshou)probably polish |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | みがけ (migake)polish! |
| Polite request | みがいてください (migaitekudasai)please polish |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.