Japanese reference
考える
かんがえる
to think about, consider
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | かんがえる (kangaeru)think about |
| Polite, masu | かんがえます (kangaemasu)think about |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | かんがえない (kangaenai)do not think about |
| Polite negative | かんがえません (kangaemasen)do not think about |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | かんがえた (kangaeta)thought about |
| Polite past | かんがえました (kangaemashita)thought about |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | かんがえなかった (kangaenakatta)did not think about |
| Polite past negative | かんがえませんでした (kangaemasendeshita)did not think about |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | かんがえて (kangaete)thinking about (and then) |
| Polite te-form | かんがえまして (kangaemashite)thinking about (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | かんがえている (kangaeteiru)be thinking about |
| Polite te-iru | かんがえています (kangaeteimasu)be thinking about |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | かんがえれば (kangaereba)if you think about |
| Rare literary polite conditional | かんがえますれば (kangaemasureba)if you think about (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | かんがえたら (kangaetara)if you think about |
| Polite conditional, tara | かんがえましたら (kangaemashitara)if you think about |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | かんがえられる (kangaerareru)can think about |
| Polite potential | かんがえられます (kangaeraremasu)can think about |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | かんがえよう (kangaeyou)let's think about! |
| Polite volitional | かんがえましょう (kangaemashou)let's think about! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | かんがえたい (kangaetai)want to think about |
| Polite desire, tai | かんがえたいです (kangaetaidesu)want to think about |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | かんがえられる (kangaerareru)be affected when someone thinks about |
| Polite passive | かんがえられます (kangaeraremasu)be affected when someone thinks about |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | かんがえさせる (kangaesaseru)make or let someone think about |
| Polite causative | かんがえさせます (kangaesasemasu)make or let someone think about |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | かんがえさせられる (kangaesaserareru)be made to think about |
| Polite causative-passive | かんがえさせられます (kangaesaseraremasu)be made to think about |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | かんがえるな (kangaeruna)do not think about! |
| Polite negative request | かんがえないでください (kangaenaidekudasai)please do not think about |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | かんがえます (kangaemasu)think about |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | かんがえません (kangaemasen)do not think about |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | かんがえました (kangaemashita)thought about |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | かんがえませんでした (kangaemasendeshita)did not think about |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | かんがえてください (kangaetekudasai)please think about |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | かんがえないでください (kangaenaidekudasai)please do not think about |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | かんがえましょう (kangaemashou)let's think about! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | かんがえてもいい (kangaetemoii)may think about |
| Polite permission | かんがえてもいいです (kangaetemoiidesu)may think about |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | かんがえてはいけない (kangaetehaikenai)must not think about |
| Polite prohibition | かんがえてはいけません (kangaetehaikemasen)must not think about |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | かんがえなさい (kangaenasai)think about (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | かんがえてみる (kangaetemiru)try to think about |
| Polite try doing | かんがえてみます (kangaetemimasu)try to think about |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | かんがえてしまう (kangaeteshimau)think about completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | かんがえてしまいます (kangaeteshimaimasu)think about completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | かんがえておく (kangaeteoku)think about in advance |
| Polite preparation | かんがえておきます (kangaeteokimasu)think about in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | かんがえたことがある (kangaetakotogaaru)have the experience of: thought about |
| Polite past experience | かんがえたことがあります (kangaetakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: thought about |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | かんがえると (kangaeruto)whenever you think about |
| Polite automatic result | かんがえますと (kangaemasuto)whenever you think about |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | かんがえるなら (kangaerunara)if you mean to think about |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | かんがえるだろう (kangaerudarou)probably think about |
| Polite probability | かんがえるでしょう (kangaerudeshou)probably think about |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | かんがえろ (kangaero)think about! |
| Polite request | かんがえてください (kangaetekudasai)please think about |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.