Japanese reference
行う
おこなう
to carry out
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | おこなう (okonau)carry out |
| Polite, masu | おこないます (okonaimasu)carry out |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | おこなわない (okonawanai)do not carry out |
| Polite negative | おこないません (okonaimasen)do not carry out |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | おこなった (okonatta)carried out |
| Polite past | おこないました (okonaimashita)carried out |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | おこなわなかった (okonawanakatta)did not carry out |
| Polite past negative | おこないませんでした (okonaimasendeshita)did not carry out |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | おこなって (okonatte)carrying out (and then) |
| Polite te-form | おこないまして (okonaimashite)carrying out (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | おこなっている (okonatteiru)be carrying out |
| Polite te-iru | おこなっています (okonatteimasu)be carrying out |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | おこなえば (okonaeba)if you carry out |
| Rare literary polite conditional | おこないますれば (okonaimasureba)if you carry out (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | おこなったら (okonattara)if you carry out |
| Polite conditional, tara | おこないましたら (okonaimashitara)if you carry out |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | おこなえる (okonaeru)can carry out |
| Polite potential | おこなえます (okonaemasu)can carry out |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | おこなおう (okonaou)let's carry out! |
| Polite volitional | おこないましょう (okonaimashou)let's carry out! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | おこないたい (okonaitai)want to carry out |
| Polite desire, tai | おこないたいです (okonaitaidesu)want to carry out |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | おこなわれる (okonawareru)be affected when someone carries out |
| Polite passive | おこなわれます (okonawaremasu)be affected when someone carries out |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | おこなわせる (okonawaseru)make or let someone carry out |
| Polite causative | おこなわせます (okonawasemasu)make or let someone carry out |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | おこなわせられる (okonawaserareru)be made to carry out |
| Polite causative-passive | おこなわせられます (okonawaseraremasu)be made to carry out |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | おこなうな (okonauna)do not carry out! |
| Polite negative request | おこなわないでください (okonawanaidekudasai)please do not carry out |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | おこないます (okonaimasu)carry out |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | おこないません (okonaimasen)do not carry out |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | おこないました (okonaimashita)carried out |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | おこないませんでした (okonaimasendeshita)did not carry out |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | おこなってください (okonattekudasai)please carry out |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | おこなわないでください (okonawanaidekudasai)please do not carry out |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | おこないましょう (okonaimashou)let's carry out! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | おこなってもいい (okonattemoii)may carry out |
| Polite permission | おこなってもいいです (okonattemoiidesu)may carry out |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | おこなってはいけない (okonattehaikenai)must not carry out |
| Polite prohibition | おこなってはいけません (okonattehaikemasen)must not carry out |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | おこないなさい (okonainasai)carry out (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | おこなってみる (okonattemiru)try to carry out |
| Polite try doing | おこなってみます (okonattemimasu)try to carry out |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | おこなってしまう (okonatteshimau)carry out completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | おこなってしまいます (okonatteshimaimasu)carry out completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | おこなっておく (okonatteoku)carry out in advance |
| Polite preparation | おこなっておきます (okonatteokimasu)carry out in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | おこなったことがある (okonattakotogaaru)have the experience of: carried out |
| Polite past experience | おこなったことがあります (okonattakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: carried out |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | おこなうと (okonauto)whenever you carry out |
| Polite automatic result | おこないますと (okonaimasuto)whenever you carry out |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | おこなうなら (okonaunara)if you mean to carry out |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | おこなうだろう (okonaudarou)probably carry out |
| Polite probability | おこなうでしょう (okonaudeshou)probably carry out |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | おこなえ (okonae)carry out! |
| Polite request | おこなってください (okonattekudasai)please carry out |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.