Japanese reference
負う
おう
to bear; to shoulder
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | おう (ou)bear |
| Polite, masu | おいます (oimasu)bear |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | おわない (owanai)do not bear |
| Polite negative | おいません (oimasen)do not bear |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | おった (otta)bore |
| Polite past | おいました (oimashita)bore |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | おわなかった (owanakatta)did not bear |
| Polite past negative | おいませんでした (oimasendeshita)did not bear |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | おって (otte)bearing (and then) |
| Polite te-form | おいまして (oimashite)bearing (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | おっている (otteiru)be bearing |
| Polite te-iru | おっています (otteimasu)be bearing |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | おえば (oeba)if you bear |
| Rare literary polite conditional | おいますれば (oimasureba)if you bear (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | おったら (ottara)if you bear |
| Polite conditional, tara | おいましたら (oimashitara)if you bear |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | おえる (oeru)can bear |
| Polite potential | おえます (oemasu)can bear |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | おおう (oou)let's bear! |
| Polite volitional | おいましょう (oimashou)let's bear! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | おいたい (oitai)want to bear |
| Polite desire, tai | おいたいです (oitaidesu)want to bear |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | おわれる (owareru)be affected when someone bears |
| Polite passive | おわれます (owaremasu)be affected when someone bears |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | おわせる (owaseru)make or let someone bear |
| Polite causative | おわせます (owasemasu)make or let someone bear |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | おわせられる (owaserareru)be made to bear |
| Polite causative-passive | おわせられます (owaseraremasu)be made to bear |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | おうな (ouna)do not bear! |
| Polite negative request | おわないでください (owanaidekudasai)please do not bear |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | おいます (oimasu)bear |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | おいません (oimasen)do not bear |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | おいました (oimashita)bore |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | おいませんでした (oimasendeshita)did not bear |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | おってください (ottekudasai)please bear |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | おわないでください (owanaidekudasai)please do not bear |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | おいましょう (oimashou)let's bear! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | おってもいい (ottemoii)may bear |
| Polite permission | おってもいいです (ottemoiidesu)may bear |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | おってはいけない (ottehaikenai)must not bear |
| Polite prohibition | おってはいけません (ottehaikemasen)must not bear |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | おいなさい (oinasai)bear (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | おってみる (ottemiru)try to bear |
| Polite try doing | おってみます (ottemimasu)try to bear |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | おってしまう (otteshimau)bear completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | おってしまいます (otteshimaimasu)bear completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | おっておく (otteoku)bear in advance |
| Polite preparation | おっておきます (otteokimasu)bear in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | おったことがある (ottakotogaaru)have the experience of: bore |
| Polite past experience | おったことがあります (ottakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: bore |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | おうと (outo)whenever you bear |
| Polite automatic result | おいますと (oimasuto)whenever you bear |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | おうなら (ounara)if you mean to bear |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | おうだろう (oudarou)probably bear |
| Polite probability | おうでしょう (oudeshou)probably bear |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | おえ (oe)bear! |
| Polite request | おってください (ottekudasai)please bear |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.