Japanese reference
走る
はしる
to run
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | はしる (hashiru)run |
| Polite, masu | はしります (hashirimasu)run |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | はしらない (hashiranai)do not run |
| Polite negative | はしりません (hashirimasen)do not run |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | はしった (hashitta)ran |
| Polite past | はしりました (hashirimashita)ran |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | はしらなかった (hashiranakatta)did not run |
| Polite past negative | はしりませんでした (hashirimasendeshita)did not run |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | はしって (hashitte)running (and then) |
| Polite te-form | はしりまして (hashirimashite)running (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | はしっている (hashitteiru)be running |
| Polite te-iru | はしっています (hashitteimasu)be running |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | はしれば (hashireba)if you run |
| Rare literary polite conditional | はしりますれば (hashirimasureba)if you run (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | はしったら (hashittara)if you run |
| Polite conditional, tara | はしりましたら (hashirimashitara)if you run |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | はしれる (hashireru)can run |
| Polite potential | はしれます (hashiremasu)can run |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | はしろう (hashirou)let's run! |
| Polite volitional | はしりましょう (hashirimashou)let's run! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | はしりたい (hashiritai)want to run |
| Polite desire, tai | はしりたいです (hashiritaidesu)want to run |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | はしられる (hashirareru)be affected when someone runs |
| Polite passive | はしられます (hashiraremasu)be affected when someone runs |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | はしらせる (hashiraseru)make or let someone run |
| Polite causative | はしらせます (hashirasemasu)make or let someone run |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | はしらせられる (hashiraserareru)be made to run |
| Polite causative-passive | はしらせられます (hashiraseraremasu)be made to run |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | はしるな (hashiruna)do not run! |
| Polite negative request | はしらないでください (hashiranaidekudasai)please do not run |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | はしります (hashirimasu)run |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | はしりません (hashirimasen)do not run |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | はしりました (hashirimashita)ran |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | はしりませんでした (hashirimasendeshita)did not run |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | はしってください (hashittekudasai)please run |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | はしらないでください (hashiranaidekudasai)please do not run |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | はしりましょう (hashirimashou)let's run! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | はしってもいい (hashittemoii)may run |
| Polite permission | はしってもいいです (hashittemoiidesu)may run |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | はしってはいけない (hashittehaikenai)must not run |
| Polite prohibition | はしってはいけません (hashittehaikemasen)must not run |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | はしりなさい (hashirinasai)run (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | はしってみる (hashittemiru)try to run |
| Polite try doing | はしってみます (hashittemimasu)try to run |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | はしってしまう (hashitteshimau)run completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | はしってしまいます (hashitteshimaimasu)run completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | はしっておく (hashitteoku)run in advance |
| Polite preparation | はしっておきます (hashitteokimasu)run in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | はしったことがある (hashittakotogaaru)have the experience of: ran |
| Polite past experience | はしったことがあります (hashittakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: ran |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | はしると (hashiruto)whenever you run |
| Polite automatic result | はしりますと (hashirimasuto)whenever you run |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | はしるなら (hashirunara)if you mean to run |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | はしるだろう (hashirudarou)probably run |
| Polite probability | はしるでしょう (hashirudeshou)probably run |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | はしれ (hashire)run! |
| Polite request | はしってください (hashittekudasai)please run |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.