Japanese reference
跳ぶ
とぶ
to jump
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | とぶ (tobu)jump |
| Polite, masu | とびます (tobimasu)jump |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | とばない (tobanai)do not jump |
| Polite negative | とびません (tobimasen)do not jump |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | とんだ (tonda)jumped |
| Polite past | とびました (tobimashita)jumped |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | とばなかった (tobanakatta)did not jump |
| Polite past negative | とびませんでした (tobimasendeshita)did not jump |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | とんで (tonde)jumping (and then) |
| Polite te-form | とびまして (tobimashite)jumping (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | とんでいる (tondeiru)be jumping |
| Polite te-iru | とんでいます (tondeimasu)be jumping |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | とべば (tobeba)if you jump |
| Rare literary polite conditional | とびますれば (tobimasureba)if you jump (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | とんだら (tondara)if you jump |
| Polite conditional, tara | とびましたら (tobimashitara)if you jump |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | とべる (toberu)can jump |
| Polite potential | とべます (tobemasu)can jump |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | とぼう (tobou)let's jump! |
| Polite volitional | とびましょう (tobimashou)let's jump! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | とびたい (tobitai)want to jump |
| Polite desire, tai | とびたいです (tobitaidesu)want to jump |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | とばれる (tobareru)be affected when someone jumps |
| Polite passive | とばれます (tobaremasu)be affected when someone jumps |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | とばせる (tobaseru)make or let someone jump |
| Polite causative | とばせます (tobasemasu)make or let someone jump |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | とばせられる (tobaserareru)be made to jump |
| Polite causative-passive | とばせられます (tobaseraremasu)be made to jump |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | とぶな (tobuna)do not jump! |
| Polite negative request | とばないでください (tobanaidekudasai)please do not jump |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | とびます (tobimasu)jump |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | とびません (tobimasen)do not jump |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | とびました (tobimashita)jumped |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | とびませんでした (tobimasendeshita)did not jump |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | とんでください (tondekudasai)please jump |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | とばないでください (tobanaidekudasai)please do not jump |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | とびましょう (tobimashou)let's jump! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | とんでもいい (tondemoii)may jump |
| Polite permission | とんでもいいです (tondemoiidesu)may jump |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | とんではいけない (tondehaikenai)must not jump |
| Polite prohibition | とんではいけません (tondehaikemasen)must not jump |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | とびなさい (tobinasai)jump (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | とんでみる (tondemiru)try to jump |
| Polite try doing | とんでみます (tondemimasu)try to jump |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | とんでしまう (tondeshimau)jump completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | とんでしまいます (tondeshimaimasu)jump completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | とんでおく (tondeoku)jump in advance |
| Polite preparation | とんでおきます (tondeokimasu)jump in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | とんだことがある (tondakotogaaru)have the experience of: jumped |
| Polite past experience | とんだことがあります (tondakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: jumped |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | とぶと (tobuto)whenever you jump |
| Polite automatic result | とびますと (tobimasuto)whenever you jump |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | とぶなら (tobunara)if you mean to jump |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | とぶだろう (tobudarou)probably jump |
| Polite probability | とぶでしょう (tobudeshou)probably jump |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | とべ (tobe)jump! |
| Polite request | とんでください (tondekudasai)please jump |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.