Japanese reference
迫る
せまる
to approach; to press for
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | せまる (semaru)approach |
| Polite, masu | せまります (semarimasu)approach |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | せまらない (semaranai)do not approach |
| Polite negative | せまりません (semarimasen)do not approach |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | せまった (sematta)approached |
| Polite past | せまりました (semarimashita)approached |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | せまらなかった (semaranakatta)did not approach |
| Polite past negative | せまりませんでした (semarimasendeshita)did not approach |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | せまって (sematte)approaching (and then) |
| Polite te-form | せまりまして (semarimashite)approaching (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | せまっている (sematteiru)be approaching |
| Polite te-iru | せまっています (sematteimasu)be approaching |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | せまれば (semareba)if you approach |
| Rare literary polite conditional | せまりますれば (semarimasureba)if you approach (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | せまったら (semattara)if you approach |
| Polite conditional, tara | せまりましたら (semarimashitara)if you approach |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | せまれる (semareru)can approach |
| Polite potential | せまれます (semaremasu)can approach |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | せまろう (semarou)let's approach! |
| Polite volitional | せまりましょう (semarimashou)let's approach! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | せまりたい (semaritai)want to approach |
| Polite desire, tai | せまりたいです (semaritaidesu)want to approach |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | せまられる (semarareru)be affected when someone approaches |
| Polite passive | せまられます (semararemasu)be affected when someone approaches |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | せまらせる (semaraseru)make or let someone approach |
| Polite causative | せまらせます (semarasemasu)make or let someone approach |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | せまらせられる (semaraserareru)be made to approach |
| Polite causative-passive | せまらせられます (semaraseraremasu)be made to approach |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | せまるな (semaruna)do not approach! |
| Polite negative request | せまらないでください (semaranaidekudasai)please do not approach |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | せまります (semarimasu)approach |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | せまりません (semarimasen)do not approach |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | せまりました (semarimashita)approached |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | せまりませんでした (semarimasendeshita)did not approach |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | せまってください (semattekudasai)please approach |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | せまらないでください (semaranaidekudasai)please do not approach |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | せまりましょう (semarimashou)let's approach! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | せまってもいい (semattemoii)may approach |
| Polite permission | せまってもいいです (semattemoiidesu)may approach |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | せまってはいけない (semattehaikenai)must not approach |
| Polite prohibition | せまってはいけません (semattehaikemasen)must not approach |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | せまりなさい (semarinasai)approach (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | せまってみる (semattemiru)try to approach |
| Polite try doing | せまってみます (semattemimasu)try to approach |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | せまってしまう (sematteshimau)approach completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | せまってしまいます (sematteshimaimasu)approach completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | せまっておく (sematteoku)approach in advance |
| Polite preparation | せまっておきます (sematteokimasu)approach in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | せまったことがある (semattakotogaaru)have the experience of: approached |
| Polite past experience | せまったことがあります (semattakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: approached |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | せまると (semaruto)whenever you approach |
| Polite automatic result | せまりますと (semarimasuto)whenever you approach |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | せまるなら (semarunara)if you mean to approach |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | せまるだろう (semarudarou)probably approach |
| Polite probability | せまるでしょう (semarudeshou)probably approach |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | せまれ (semare)approach! |
| Polite request | せまってください (semattekudasai)please approach |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.