Japanese reference
開く
ひらく
to open; to hold (an event)
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | ひらく (hiraku)open |
| Polite, masu | ひらきます (hirakimasu)open |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | ひらかない (hirakanai)do not open |
| Polite negative | ひらきません (hirakimasen)do not open |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | ひらいた (hiraita)opened |
| Polite past | ひらきました (hirakimashita)opened |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | ひらかなかった (hirakanakatta)did not open |
| Polite past negative | ひらきませんでした (hirakimasendeshita)did not open |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | ひらいて (hiraite)opening (and then) |
| Polite te-form | ひらきまして (hirakimashite)opening (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | ひらいている (hiraiteiru)be opening |
| Polite te-iru | ひらいています (hiraiteimasu)be opening |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | ひらけば (hirakeba)if you open |
| Rare literary polite conditional | ひらきますれば (hirakimasureba)if you open (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | ひらいたら (hiraitara)if you open |
| Polite conditional, tara | ひらきましたら (hirakimashitara)if you open |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | ひらける (hirakeru)can open |
| Polite potential | ひらけます (hirakemasu)can open |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | ひらこう (hirakou)let's open! |
| Polite volitional | ひらきましょう (hirakimashou)let's open! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | ひらきたい (hirakitai)want to open |
| Polite desire, tai | ひらきたいです (hirakitaidesu)want to open |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | ひらかれる (hirakareru)be opened |
| Polite passive | ひらかれます (hirakaremasu)be opened |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | ひらかせる (hirakaseru)make or let someone open |
| Polite causative | ひらかせます (hirakasemasu)make or let someone open |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | ひらかせられる (hirakaserareru)be made to open |
| Polite causative-passive | ひらかせられます (hirakaseraremasu)be made to open |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | ひらくな (hirakuna)do not open! |
| Polite negative request | ひらかないでください (hirakanaidekudasai)please do not open |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | ひらきます (hirakimasu)open |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | ひらきません (hirakimasen)do not open |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | ひらきました (hirakimashita)opened |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | ひらきませんでした (hirakimasendeshita)did not open |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | ひらいてください (hiraitekudasai)please open |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | ひらかないでください (hirakanaidekudasai)please do not open |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | ひらきましょう (hirakimashou)let's open! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | ひらいてもいい (hiraitemoii)may open |
| Polite permission | ひらいてもいいです (hiraitemoiidesu)may open |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | ひらいてはいけない (hiraitehaikenai)must not open |
| Polite prohibition | ひらいてはいけません (hiraitehaikemasen)must not open |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | ひらきなさい (hirakinasai)open (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | ひらいてみる (hiraitemiru)try to open |
| Polite try doing | ひらいてみます (hiraitemimasu)try to open |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | ひらいてしまう (hiraiteshimau)open completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | ひらいてしまいます (hiraiteshimaimasu)open completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | ひらいておく (hiraiteoku)open in advance |
| Polite preparation | ひらいておきます (hiraiteokimasu)open in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | ひらいたことがある (hiraitakotogaaru)have the experience of: opened |
| Polite past experience | ひらいたことがあります (hiraitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: opened |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | ひらくと (hirakuto)whenever you open |
| Polite automatic result | ひらきますと (hirakimasuto)whenever you open |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | ひらくなら (hirakunara)if you mean to open |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | ひらくだろう (hirakudarou)probably open |
| Polite probability | ひらくでしょう (hirakudeshou)probably open |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | ひらけ (hirake)open! |
| Polite request | ひらいてください (hiraitekudasai)please open |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.