Japanese reference
開ける
あける
to open
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | あける (akeru)open |
| Polite, masu | あけます (akemasu)open |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | あけない (akenai)do not open |
| Polite negative | あけません (akemasen)do not open |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | あけた (aketa)opened |
| Polite past | あけました (akemashita)opened |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | あけなかった (akenakatta)did not open |
| Polite past negative | あけませんでした (akemasendeshita)did not open |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | あけて (akete)opening (and then) |
| Polite te-form | あけまして (akemashite)opening (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | あけている (aketeiru)be opening |
| Polite te-iru | あけています (aketeimasu)be opening |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | あければ (akereba)if you open |
| Rare literary polite conditional | あけますれば (akemasureba)if you open (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | あけたら (aketara)if you open |
| Polite conditional, tara | あけましたら (akemashitara)if you open |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | あけられる (akerareru)can open |
| Polite potential | あけられます (akeraremasu)can open |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | あけよう (akeyou)let's open! |
| Polite volitional | あけましょう (akemashou)let's open! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | あけたい (aketai)want to open |
| Polite desire, tai | あけたいです (aketaidesu)want to open |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | あけられる (akerareru)be opened |
| Polite passive | あけられます (akeraremasu)be opened |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | あけさせる (akesaseru)make or let someone open |
| Polite causative | あけさせます (akesasemasu)make or let someone open |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | あけさせられる (akesaserareru)be made to open |
| Polite causative-passive | あけさせられます (akesaseraremasu)be made to open |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | あけるな (akeruna)do not open! |
| Polite negative request | あけないでください (akenaidekudasai)please do not open |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | あけます (akemasu)open |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | あけません (akemasen)do not open |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | あけました (akemashita)opened |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | あけませんでした (akemasendeshita)did not open |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | あけてください (aketekudasai)please open |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | あけないでください (akenaidekudasai)please do not open |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | あけましょう (akemashou)let's open! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | あけてもいい (aketemoii)may open |
| Polite permission | あけてもいいです (aketemoiidesu)may open |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | あけてはいけない (aketehaikenai)must not open |
| Polite prohibition | あけてはいけません (aketehaikemasen)must not open |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | あけなさい (akenasai)open (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | あけてみる (aketemiru)try to open |
| Polite try doing | あけてみます (aketemimasu)try to open |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | あけてしまう (aketeshimau)open completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | あけてしまいます (aketeshimaimasu)open completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | あけておく (aketeoku)open in advance |
| Polite preparation | あけておきます (aketeokimasu)open in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | あけたことがある (aketakotogaaru)have the experience of: opened |
| Polite past experience | あけたことがあります (aketakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: opened |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | あけると (akeruto)whenever you open |
| Polite automatic result | あけますと (akemasuto)whenever you open |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | あけるなら (akerunara)if you mean to open |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | あけるだろう (akerudarou)probably open |
| Polite probability | あけるでしょう (akerudeshou)probably open |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | あけろ (akero)open! |
| Polite request | あけてください (aketekudasai)please open |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.