Japanese reference
震える
ふるえる
to tremble; to shiver
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | ふるえる (furueru)tremble |
| Polite, masu | ふるえます (furuemasu)tremble |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | ふるえない (furuenai)do not tremble |
| Polite negative | ふるえません (furuemasen)do not tremble |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | ふるえた (furueta)trembled |
| Polite past | ふるえました (furuemashita)trembled |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | ふるえなかった (furuenakatta)did not tremble |
| Polite past negative | ふるえませんでした (furuemasendeshita)did not tremble |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | ふるえて (furuete)trembling (and then) |
| Polite te-form | ふるえまして (furuemashite)trembling (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | ふるえている (furueteiru)be trembling |
| Polite te-iru | ふるえています (furueteimasu)be trembling |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | ふるえれば (furuereba)if you tremble |
| Rare literary polite conditional | ふるえますれば (furuemasureba)if you tremble (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | ふるえたら (furuetara)if you tremble |
| Polite conditional, tara | ふるえましたら (furuemashitara)if you tremble |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | ふるえられる (furuerareru)can tremble |
| Polite potential | ふるえられます (furueraremasu)can tremble |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | ふるえよう (furueyou)let's tremble! |
| Polite volitional | ふるえましょう (furuemashou)let's tremble! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | ふるえたい (furuetai)want to tremble |
| Polite desire, tai | ふるえたいです (furuetaidesu)want to tremble |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | ふるえられる (furuerareru)be affected when someone trembles |
| Polite passive | ふるえられます (furueraremasu)be affected when someone trembles |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | ふるえさせる (furuesaseru)make or let someone tremble |
| Polite causative | ふるえさせます (furuesasemasu)make or let someone tremble |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | ふるえさせられる (furuesaserareru)be made to tremble |
| Polite causative-passive | ふるえさせられます (furuesaseraremasu)be made to tremble |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | ふるえるな (furueruna)do not tremble! |
| Polite negative request | ふるえないでください (furuenaidekudasai)please do not tremble |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | ふるえます (furuemasu)tremble |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | ふるえません (furuemasen)do not tremble |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | ふるえました (furuemashita)trembled |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | ふるえませんでした (furuemasendeshita)did not tremble |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | ふるえてください (furuetekudasai)please tremble |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | ふるえないでください (furuenaidekudasai)please do not tremble |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | ふるえましょう (furuemashou)let's tremble! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | ふるえてもいい (furuetemoii)may tremble |
| Polite permission | ふるえてもいいです (furuetemoiidesu)may tremble |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | ふるえてはいけない (furuetehaikenai)must not tremble |
| Polite prohibition | ふるえてはいけません (furuetehaikemasen)must not tremble |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | ふるえなさい (furuenasai)tremble (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | ふるえてみる (furuetemiru)try to tremble |
| Polite try doing | ふるえてみます (furuetemimasu)try to tremble |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | ふるえてしまう (furueteshimau)tremble completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | ふるえてしまいます (furueteshimaimasu)tremble completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | ふるえておく (furueteoku)tremble in advance |
| Polite preparation | ふるえておきます (furueteokimasu)tremble in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | ふるえたことがある (furuetakotogaaru)have the experience of: trembled |
| Polite past experience | ふるえたことがあります (furuetakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: trembled |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | ふるえると (furueruto)whenever you tremble |
| Polite automatic result | ふるえますと (furuemasuto)whenever you tremble |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | ふるえるなら (furuerunara)if you mean to tremble |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | ふるえるだろう (furuerudarou)probably tremble |
| Polite probability | ふるえるでしょう (furuerudeshou)probably tremble |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | ふるえろ (furuero)tremble! |
| Polite request | ふるえてください (furuetekudasai)please tremble |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.