Japanese reference
驚く
おどろく
to be surprised
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | おどろく (odoroku)be surprised |
| Polite, masu | おどろきます (odorokimasu)be surprised |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | おどろかない (odorokanai)not be surprised |
| Polite negative | おどろきません (odorokimasen)not be surprised |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | おどろいた (odoroita)was surprised |
| Polite past | おどろきました (odorokimashita)was surprised |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | おどろかなかった (odorokanakatta)was not surprised |
| Polite past negative | おどろきませんでした (odorokimasendeshita)was not surprised |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | おどろいて (odoroite)being surprised (and then) |
| Polite te-form | おどろきまして (odorokimashite)being surprised (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | おどろいている (odoroiteiru)be surprised |
| Polite te-iru | おどろいています (odoroiteimasu)be surprised |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | おどろけば (odorokeba)if you are surprised |
| Rare literary polite conditional | おどろきますれば (odorokimasureba)if you are surprised (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | おどろいたら (odoroitara)if you are surprised |
| Polite conditional, tara | おどろきましたら (odorokimashitara)if you are surprised |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | おどろける (odorokeru)can be surprised |
| Polite potential | おどろけます (odorokemasu)can be surprised |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | おどろこう (odorokou)let's be surprised! |
| Polite volitional | おどろきましょう (odorokimashou)let's be surprised! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | おどろきたい (odorokitai)want to be surprised |
| Polite desire, tai | おどろきたいです (odorokitaidesu)want to be surprised |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | おどろかれる (odorokareru)be affected when someone is surprised |
| Polite passive | おどろかれます (odorokaremasu)be affected when someone is surprised |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | おどろかせる (odorokaseru)make or let someone be surprised |
| Polite causative | おどろかせます (odorokasemasu)make or let someone be surprised |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | おどろかせられる (odorokaserareru)be made to be surprised |
| Polite causative-passive | おどろかせられます (odorokaseraremasu)be made to be surprised |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | おどろくな (odorokuna)do not be surprised! |
| Polite negative request | おどろかないでください (odorokanaidekudasai)please do not be surprised |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | おどろきます (odorokimasu)be surprised |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | おどろきません (odorokimasen)not be surprised |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | おどろきました (odorokimashita)was surprised |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | おどろきませんでした (odorokimasendeshita)was not surprised |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | おどろいてください (odoroitekudasai)please be surprised |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | おどろかないでください (odorokanaidekudasai)please do not be surprised |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | おどろきましょう (odorokimashou)let's be surprised! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | おどろいてもいい (odoroitemoii)may be surprised |
| Polite permission | おどろいてもいいです (odoroitemoiidesu)may be surprised |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | おどろいてはいけない (odoroitehaikenai)must not be surprised |
| Polite prohibition | おどろいてはいけません (odoroitehaikemasen)must not be surprised |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | おどろきなさい (odorokinasai)be surprised (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | おどろいてみる (odoroitemiru)try to be surprised |
| Polite try doing | おどろいてみます (odoroitemimasu)try to be surprised |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | おどろいてしまう (odoroiteshimau)be surprised completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | おどろいてしまいます (odoroiteshimaimasu)be surprised completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | おどろいておく (odoroiteoku)be surprised in advance |
| Polite preparation | おどろいておきます (odoroiteokimasu)be surprised in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | おどろいたことがある (odoroitakotogaaru)have the experience of: was surprised |
| Polite past experience | おどろいたことがあります (odoroitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: was surprised |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | おどろくと (odorokuto)whenever you be surprised |
| Polite automatic result | おどろきますと (odorokimasuto)whenever you be surprised |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | おどろくなら (odorokunara)if you mean to be surprised |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | おどろくだろう (odorokudarou)probably be surprised |
| Polite probability | おどろくでしょう (odorokudeshou)probably be surprised |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | おどろけ (odoroke)be surprised! |
| Polite request | おどろいてください (odoroitekudasai)please be surprised |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.