Japanese reference
鳴く
なく
to cry, chirp, bark (of an animal)
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | なく (naku)cry |
| Polite, masu | なきます (nakimasu)cry |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | なかない (nakanai)do not cry |
| Polite negative | なきません (nakimasen)do not cry |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | ないた (naita)cried |
| Polite past | なきました (nakimashita)cried |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | なかなかった (nakanakatta)did not cry |
| Polite past negative | なきませんでした (nakimasendeshita)did not cry |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | ないて (naite)crying (and then) |
| Polite te-form | なきまして (nakimashite)crying (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | ないている (naiteiru)be crying |
| Polite te-iru | ないています (naiteimasu)be crying |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | なけば (nakeba)if you cry |
| Rare literary polite conditional | なきますれば (nakimasureba)if you cry (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | ないたら (naitara)if you cry |
| Polite conditional, tara | なきましたら (nakimashitara)if you cry |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | なける (nakeru)can cry |
| Polite potential | なけます (nakemasu)can cry |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | なこう (nakou)let's cry! |
| Polite volitional | なきましょう (nakimashou)let's cry! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | なきたい (nakitai)want to cry |
| Polite desire, tai | なきたいです (nakitaidesu)want to cry |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | なかれる (nakareru)be affected when someone cries |
| Polite passive | なかれます (nakaremasu)be affected when someone cries |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | なかせる (nakaseru)make or let someone cry |
| Polite causative | なかせます (nakasemasu)make or let someone cry |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | なかせられる (nakaserareru)be made to cry |
| Polite causative-passive | なかせられます (nakaseraremasu)be made to cry |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | なくな (nakuna)do not cry! |
| Polite negative request | なかないでください (nakanaidekudasai)please do not cry |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | なきます (nakimasu)cry |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | なきません (nakimasen)do not cry |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | なきました (nakimashita)cried |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | なきませんでした (nakimasendeshita)did not cry |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | ないてください (naitekudasai)please cry |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | なかないでください (nakanaidekudasai)please do not cry |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | なきましょう (nakimashou)let's cry! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | ないてもいい (naitemoii)may cry |
| Polite permission | ないてもいいです (naitemoiidesu)may cry |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | ないてはいけない (naitehaikenai)must not cry |
| Polite prohibition | ないてはいけません (naitehaikemasen)must not cry |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | なきなさい (nakinasai)cry (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | ないてみる (naitemiru)try to cry |
| Polite try doing | ないてみます (naitemimasu)try to cry |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | ないてしまう (naiteshimau)cry completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | ないてしまいます (naiteshimaimasu)cry completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | ないておく (naiteoku)cry in advance |
| Polite preparation | ないておきます (naiteokimasu)cry in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | ないたことがある (naitakotogaaru)have the experience of: cried |
| Polite past experience | ないたことがあります (naitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: cried |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | なくと (nakuto)whenever you cry |
| Polite automatic result | なきますと (nakimasuto)whenever you cry |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | なくなら (nakunara)if you mean to cry |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | なくだろう (nakudarou)probably cry |
| Polite probability | なくでしょう (nakudeshou)probably cry |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | なけ (nake)cry! |
| Polite request | ないてください (naitekudasai)please cry |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.