Korean reference

고생하다

gosaenghada

to have a hard time; to work hard

Irregular · 24 form tables

Includes verbs and adjectives. Rows show speech levels and constructions, rather than personal pronouns. Honorific forms refer to a respected subject.

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Tense

Present

고생하다: Present
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
해요체, everyday polite level	gosaenghaeyohave a hard time
합니다체, formal polite level	gosaenghamnidahave a hard time
해체, casual level	gosaenghaehave a hard time
한다체, plain written level	gosaenghandahave a hard time

Past

고생하다: Past
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
해요체, everyday polite level	gosaenghaesseoyohad a hard time
합니다체, formal polite level	gosaenghaetseumnidahad a hard time
해체, casual level	gosaenghaesseohad a hard time
한다체, plain written level	gosaenghaetdahad a hard time

Future

고생하다: Future
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
해요체, everyday polite level	gosaenghal geoyeyowill have a hard time
합니다체, formal polite level	gosaenghal geomnidawill have a hard time
해체, casual level	gosaenghal geoyawill have a hard time
한다체, plain written level	gosaenghal geosidawill have a hard time

Intention / conjecture

고생하다: Intention / conjecture
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
해요체, everyday polite level	gosaenghagesseoyowill probably have a hard time
합니다체, formal polite level	gosaenghagetseumnidawill probably have a hard time
해체, casual level	gosaenghagesseowill probably have a hard time
한다체, plain written level	gosaenghagetdawill probably have a hard time

Progressive

고생하다: Progressive
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
해요체, everyday polite level	gosaenghago isseoyobe having a hard time
합니다체, formal polite level	gosaenghago itseumnidabe having a hard time
해체, casual level	gosaenghago isseobe having a hard time
한다체, plain written level	gosaenghago itdabe having a hard time

Negative

Short negative

고생하다: Short negative
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
해요체, everyday polite level	gosaeng an haeyodo not have a hard time
합니다체, formal polite level	gosaeng an hamnidado not have a hard time
해체, casual level	gosaeng an haedo not have a hard time
한다체, plain written level	gosaeng an handado not have a hard time

Long negative

고생하다: Long negative
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
해요체, everyday polite level	gosaenghaji anayodo not have a hard time
합니다체, formal polite level	gosaenghaji anseumnidado not have a hard time
해체, casual level	gosaenghaji anado not have a hard time
한다체, plain written level	gosaenghaji anneundado not have a hard time

Endings

Honorific

고생하다: Honorific
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
해요체, everyday polite level	gosaenghaseyohe/she has a hard time (honorific)
합니다체, formal polite level	gosaenghasimnidahe/she has a hard time (honorific)
해체, casual level	gosaenghasyeohe/she has a hard time (honorific)
한다체, plain written level	gosaenghasindahe/she has a hard time (honorific)

Wish

고생하다: Wish
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
해요체, everyday polite level	gosaenghago sipeoyoI want to have a hard time
합니다체, formal polite level	gosaenghago sipseumnidaI want to have a hard time
해체, casual level	gosaenghago sipeoI want to have a hard time
한다체, plain written level	gosaenghago sipdaI want to have a hard time

Question

고생하다: Question
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
해요체, everyday polite level	gosaenghaeyo?do you have a hard time?
합니다체, formal polite level	gosaenghamnikka?do you have a hard time?
해체, casual level	gosaenghae?do you have a hard time?
한다체, plain written level	gosaenghani?do you have a hard time?

Past question

고생하다: Past question
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
해요체, everyday polite level	gosaenghaesseoyo?did you have a hard time?
합니다체, formal polite level	gosaenghaetseumnikka?did you have a hard time?
해체, casual level	gosaenghaesseo?did you have a hard time?
한다체, plain written level	gosaenghaenni?did you have a hard time?

Request

고생하다: Request
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
해요체, everyday polite level	gosaenghaseyohave a hard time!
합니다체, formal polite level	gosaenghasipsiohave a hard time!
해체, casual level	gosaenghaehave a hard time!
한다체, plain written level	gosaenghaerahave a hard time!

Proposal

고생하다: Proposal
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
해요체, everyday polite level	gosaenghaeyolet's have a hard time!
합니다체, formal polite level	gosaenghapsidalet's have a hard time!
해체, casual level	gosaenghajalet's have a hard time!
한다체, plain written level	gosaenghajalet's have a hard time!

Promise

고생하다: Promise
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
해요체, everyday polite level	gosaenghalgeyoI will have a hard time
해체, casual level	gosaenghalgeI will have a hard time

Shall I?

고생하다: Shall I?
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
해요체, everyday polite level	gosaenghalkkayo?shall I have a hard time?
해체, casual level	gosaenghalkka?shall I have a hard time?

Linking

And

고생하다: And
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
Connecting / modifying form	gosaenghagoI have a hard time, and

And so / because

고생하다: And so / because
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
Connecting / modifying form	gosaenghaeseobecause I have a hard time

If

고생하다: If
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
Connecting / modifying form	gosaenghamyeonif you have a hard time

But

고생하다: But
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
Connecting / modifying form	gosaenghajimanI have a hard time, but

Because

고생하다: Because
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
Connecting / modifying form	gosaenghanikkabecause I have a hard time

Background

고생하다: Background
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
Connecting / modifying form	gosaenghaneundeI have a hard time (background)

Modifier

Present noun modifier

고생하다: Present noun modifier
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
Connecting / modifying form	gosaenghaneunhave a hard time (before a noun)

Past noun modifier

고생하다: Past noun modifier
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
Connecting / modifying form	gosaenghanhad a hard time (before a noun)

Future noun modifier

고생하다: Future noun modifier
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
Connecting / modifying form	gosaenghalwill have a hard time (before a noun)

Additional forms

Additional honorific forms

고생하다: Additional honorific forms
Person, form or usage	Form and meaning
Saying it happened (았/었)	gosaenghasyeosseoyohe/she had a hard time (honorific)

Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Korean entries.