Korean reference
굳다
gutda
to harden; to set; to stiffen
Regular · 21 form tables
Includes verbs and adjectives. Rows show speech levels and constructions, rather than personal pronouns. Honorific forms refer to a respected subject.
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Tense
Present
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gudeoyoharden |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gutseumnidaharden |
| 해체, casual level | gudeoharden |
| 한다체, plain written level | gunneundaharden |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gudeosseoyohardened |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gudeotseumnidahardened |
| 해체, casual level | gudeosseohardened |
| 한다체, plain written level | gudeotdahardened |
Future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gudeul geoyeyowill harden |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gudeul geomnidawill harden |
| 해체, casual level | gudeul geoyawill harden |
| 한다체, plain written level | gudeul geosidawill harden |
Intention / conjecture
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gutgesseoyowill probably harden |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gutgetseumnidawill probably harden |
| 해체, casual level | gutgesseowill probably harden |
| 한다체, plain written level | gutgetdawill probably harden |
Progressive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gutgo isseoyobe hardening |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gutgo itseumnidabe hardening |
| 해체, casual level | gutgo isseobe hardening |
| 한다체, plain written level | gutgo itdabe hardening |
Negative
Short negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | an gudeoyodo not harden |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | an gutseumnidado not harden |
| 해체, casual level | an gudeodo not harden |
| 한다체, plain written level | an gunneundado not harden |
Long negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gutji anayodo not harden |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gutji anseumnidado not harden |
| 해체, casual level | gutji anado not harden |
| 한다체, plain written level | gutji anneundado not harden |
Endings
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gudeuseyohe/she hardens (honorific) |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gudeusimnidahe/she hardens (honorific) |
| 해체, casual level | gudeusyeohe/she hardens (honorific) |
| 한다체, plain written level | gudeusindahe/she hardens (honorific) |
Wish
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gutgo sipeoyoI want to harden |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gutgo sipseumnidaI want to harden |
| 해체, casual level | gutgo sipeoI want to harden |
| 한다체, plain written level | gutgo sipdaI want to harden |
Question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gudeoyo?do you harden? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gutseumnikka?do you harden? |
| 해체, casual level | gudeo?do you harden? |
| 한다체, plain written level | gunni?do you harden? |
Past question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gudeosseoyo?did you harden? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gudeotseumnikka?did you harden? |
| 해체, casual level | gudeosseo?did you harden? |
| 한다체, plain written level | gudeonni?did you harden? |
Shall I?
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gudeulkkayo?shall I harden? |
| 해체, casual level | gudeulkka?shall I harden? |
Linking
And
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gutgoI harden, and |
And so / because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gudeoseobecause I harden |
If
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gudeumyeonif you harden |
But
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gutjimanI harden, but |
Because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gudeunikkabecause I harden |
Background
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gunneundeI harden (background) |
Modifier
Present noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gunneunharden (before a noun) |
Past noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gudeunhardened (before a noun) |
Future noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | gudeulwill harden (before a noun) |
Additional forms
Additional honorific forms
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Saying it happened (았/었) | gudeusyeosseoyohe/she hardened (honorific) |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Korean entries.