Korean reference
있다
itda
to be there; to have
Adjective · Regular · 18 form tables
Includes verbs and adjectives. Rows show speech levels and constructions, rather than personal pronouns. Honorific forms refer to a respected subject.
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Tense
Present
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | isseoyoam/is/are there |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | itseumnidaam/is/are there |
| 해체, casual level | isseoam/is/are there |
| 한다체, plain written level | itdaam/is/are there |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | isseosseoyowas/were there |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | isseotseumnidawas/were there |
| 해체, casual level | isseosseowas/were there |
| 한다체, plain written level | isseotdawas/were there |
Future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | isseul geoyeyowill be there |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | isseul geomnidawill be there |
| 해체, casual level | isseul geoyawill be there |
| 한다체, plain written level | isseul geosidawill be there |
Intention / conjecture
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | itgesseoyowill probably be there |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | itgetseumnidawill probably be there |
| 해체, casual level | itgesseowill probably be there |
| 한다체, plain written level | itgetdawill probably be there |
Negative
Short negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | eopseoyonot be there |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | eopseumnidanot be there |
| 해체, casual level | eopseonot be there |
| 한다체, plain written level | eopdanot be there |
Long negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | itji anayonot be there |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | itji anseumnidanot be there |
| 해체, casual level | itji ananot be there |
| 한다체, plain written level | itji antanot be there |
Endings
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | gyeseyohe/she is there (honorific) |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | gyesimnidahe/she is there (honorific) |
| 해체, casual level | gyesyeohe/she is there (honorific) |
| 한다체, plain written level | gyesidahe/she is there (honorific) |
Question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | isseoyo?are you there? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | itseumnikka?are you there? |
| 해체, casual level | isseo?are you there? |
| 한다체, plain written level | inni?are you there? |
Past question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | isseosseoyo?were you there? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | isseotseumnikka?were you there? |
| 해체, casual level | isseosseo?were you there? |
| 한다체, plain written level | isseonni?were you there? |
Linking
And
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | itgoI am there, and |
And so / because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | isseoseobecause I am there |
If
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | isseumyeonif you are there |
But
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | itjimanI am there, but |
Because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | isseunikkabecause I am there |
Background
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | inneundeI am there (background) |
Modifier
Present noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | inneunbe there (before a noun) |
Past noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | isseotdeonwas there (before a noun) |
Future noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | isseulwill be there (before a noun) |
Additional forms
Additional honorific forms
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Saying it happened (았/었) | gyesyeosseoyowas there (polite, honorific) |
| Saying it will happen ((으)ㄹ 거) | gyesil geoyeyowill be there (polite, honorific) |
| Guessing or offering (겠) | gyesigesseoyois probably there (polite, honorific) |
| Negative expression | an gyeseyois not there (polite, honorific) |
| Asking | gyeseyo?is there? (polite, honorific) |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Korean entries.