Korean reference
자다
jada
to sleep
Regular · 24 form tables
Includes verbs and adjectives. Rows show speech levels and constructions, rather than personal pronouns. Honorific forms refer to a respected subject.
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Tense
Present
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jayosleep |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jamnidasleep |
| 해체, casual level | jasleep |
| 한다체, plain written level | jandasleep |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jasseoyoslept |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jatseumnidaslept |
| 해체, casual level | jasseoslept |
| 한다체, plain written level | jatdaslept |
Future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jal geoyeyowill sleep |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jal geomnidawill sleep |
| 해체, casual level | jal geoyawill sleep |
| 한다체, plain written level | jal geosidawill sleep |
Intention / conjecture
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jagesseoyowill probably sleep |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jagetseumnidawill probably sleep |
| 해체, casual level | jagesseowill probably sleep |
| 한다체, plain written level | jagetdawill probably sleep |
Progressive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jago isseoyobe sleeping |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jago itseumnidabe sleeping |
| 해체, casual level | jago isseobe sleeping |
| 한다체, plain written level | jago itdabe sleeping |
Negative
Short negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | an jayodo not sleep |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | an jamnidado not sleep |
| 해체, casual level | an jado not sleep |
| 한다체, plain written level | an jandado not sleep |
Long negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jaji anayodo not sleep |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jaji anseumnidado not sleep |
| 해체, casual level | jaji anado not sleep |
| 한다체, plain written level | jaji anneundado not sleep |
Endings
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jumuseyohe/she sleeps (honorific) |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jumusimnidahe/she sleeps (honorific) |
| 해체, casual level | jumusyeohe/she sleeps (honorific) |
| 한다체, plain written level | jumusindahe/she sleeps (honorific) |
Wish
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jago sipeoyoI want to sleep |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jago sipseumnidaI want to sleep |
| 해체, casual level | jago sipeoI want to sleep |
| 한다체, plain written level | jago sipdaI want to sleep |
Question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jayo?do you sleep? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jamnikka?do you sleep? |
| 해체, casual level | ja?do you sleep? |
| 한다체, plain written level | jani?do you sleep? |
Past question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jasseoyo?did you sleep? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jatseumnikka?did you sleep? |
| 해체, casual level | jasseo?did you sleep? |
| 한다체, plain written level | janni?did you sleep? |
Request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jumuseyosleep! |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jumusipsiosleep! |
| 해체, casual level | jasleep! |
| 한다체, plain written level | jarasleep! |
Proposal
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jayolet's sleep! |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | japsidalet's sleep! |
| 해체, casual level | jajalet's sleep! |
| 한다체, plain written level | jajalet's sleep! |
Promise
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jalgeyoI will sleep |
| 해체, casual level | jalgeI will sleep |
Shall I?
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jalkkayo?shall I sleep? |
| 해체, casual level | jalkka?shall I sleep? |
Linking
And
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jagoI sleep, and |
And so / because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jaseobecause I sleep |
If
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jamyeonif you sleep |
But
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jajimanI sleep, but |
Because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | janikkabecause I sleep |
Background
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | janeundeI sleep (background) |
Modifier
Present noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | janeunsleep (before a noun) |
Past noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | janslept (before a noun) |
Future noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jalwill sleep (before a noun) |
Additional forms
Additional honorific forms
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Saying it happened (았/었) | jumusyeosseoyohe/she slept (honorific) |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Korean entries.