Korean reference
존재하다
jonjaehada
to exist
Irregular · 21 form tables
Includes verbs and adjectives. Rows show speech levels and constructions, rather than personal pronouns. Honorific forms refer to a respected subject.
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Tense
Present
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jonjaehaeyoexist |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jonjaehamnidaexist |
| 해체, casual level | jonjaehaeexist |
| 한다체, plain written level | jonjaehandaexist |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jonjaehaesseoyoexisted |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jonjaehaetseumnidaexisted |
| 해체, casual level | jonjaehaesseoexisted |
| 한다체, plain written level | jonjaehaetdaexisted |
Future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jonjaehal geoyeyowill exist |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jonjaehal geomnidawill exist |
| 해체, casual level | jonjaehal geoyawill exist |
| 한다체, plain written level | jonjaehal geosidawill exist |
Intention / conjecture
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jonjaehagesseoyowill probably exist |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jonjaehagetseumnidawill probably exist |
| 해체, casual level | jonjaehagesseowill probably exist |
| 한다체, plain written level | jonjaehagetdawill probably exist |
Progressive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jonjaehago isseoyobe existing |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jonjaehago itseumnidabe existing |
| 해체, casual level | jonjaehago isseobe existing |
| 한다체, plain written level | jonjaehago itdabe existing |
Negative
Short negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jonjae an haeyodo not exist |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jonjae an hamnidado not exist |
| 해체, casual level | jonjae an haedo not exist |
| 한다체, plain written level | jonjae an handado not exist |
Long negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jonjaehaji anayodo not exist |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jonjaehaji anseumnidado not exist |
| 해체, casual level | jonjaehaji anado not exist |
| 한다체, plain written level | jonjaehaji anneundado not exist |
Endings
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jonjaehaseyohe/she exists (honorific) |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jonjaehasimnidahe/she exists (honorific) |
| 해체, casual level | jonjaehasyeohe/she exists (honorific) |
| 한다체, plain written level | jonjaehasindahe/she exists (honorific) |
Wish
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jonjaehago sipeoyoI want to exist |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jonjaehago sipseumnidaI want to exist |
| 해체, casual level | jonjaehago sipeoI want to exist |
| 한다체, plain written level | jonjaehago sipdaI want to exist |
Question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jonjaehaeyo?do you exist? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jonjaehamnikka?do you exist? |
| 해체, casual level | jonjaehae?do you exist? |
| 한다체, plain written level | jonjaehani?do you exist? |
Past question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jonjaehaesseoyo?did you exist? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jonjaehaetseumnikka?did you exist? |
| 해체, casual level | jonjaehaesseo?did you exist? |
| 한다체, plain written level | jonjaehaenni?did you exist? |
Shall I?
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jonjaehalkkayo?shall I exist? |
| 해체, casual level | jonjaehalkka?shall I exist? |
Linking
And
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jonjaehagoI exist, and |
And so / because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jonjaehaeseobecause I exist |
If
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jonjaehamyeonif you exist |
But
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jonjaehajimanI exist, but |
Because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jonjaehanikkabecause I exist |
Background
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jonjaehaneundeI exist (background) |
Modifier
Present noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jonjaehaneunexist (before a noun) |
Past noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jonjaehanexisted (before a noun) |
Future noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jonjaehalwill exist (before a noun) |
Additional forms
Additional honorific forms
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Saying it happened (았/었) | jonjaehasyeosseoyohe/she existed (honorific) |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Korean entries.