Korean reference
지키다
jikida
to keep or uphold
Regular · 24 form tables
Includes verbs and adjectives. Rows show speech levels and constructions, rather than personal pronouns. Honorific forms refer to a respected subject.
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Tense
Present
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jikyeoyokeep |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jikimnidakeep |
| 해체, casual level | jikyeokeep |
| 한다체, plain written level | jikindakeep |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jikyeosseoyokept |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jikyeotseumnidakept |
| 해체, casual level | jikyeosseokept |
| 한다체, plain written level | jikyeotdakept |
Future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jikil geoyeyowill keep |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jikil geomnidawill keep |
| 해체, casual level | jikil geoyawill keep |
| 한다체, plain written level | jikil geosidawill keep |
Intention / conjecture
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jikigesseoyowill probably keep |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jikigetseumnidawill probably keep |
| 해체, casual level | jikigesseowill probably keep |
| 한다체, plain written level | jikigetdawill probably keep |
Progressive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jikigo isseoyobe keeping |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jikigo itseumnidabe keeping |
| 해체, casual level | jikigo isseobe keeping |
| 한다체, plain written level | jikigo itdabe keeping |
Negative
Short negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | an jikyeoyodo not keep |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | an jikimnidado not keep |
| 해체, casual level | an jikyeodo not keep |
| 한다체, plain written level | an jikindado not keep |
Long negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jikiji anayodo not keep |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jikiji anseumnidado not keep |
| 해체, casual level | jikiji anado not keep |
| 한다체, plain written level | jikiji anneundado not keep |
Endings
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jikiseyohe/she keeps (honorific) |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jikisimnidahe/she keeps (honorific) |
| 해체, casual level | jikisyeohe/she keeps (honorific) |
| 한다체, plain written level | jikisindahe/she keeps (honorific) |
Wish
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jikigo sipeoyoI want to keep |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jikigo sipseumnidaI want to keep |
| 해체, casual level | jikigo sipeoI want to keep |
| 한다체, plain written level | jikigo sipdaI want to keep |
Question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jikyeoyo?do you keep? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jikimnikka?do you keep? |
| 해체, casual level | jikyeo?do you keep? |
| 한다체, plain written level | jikini?do you keep? |
Past question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jikyeosseoyo?did you keep? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jikyeotseumnikka?did you keep? |
| 해체, casual level | jikyeosseo?did you keep? |
| 한다체, plain written level | jikyeonni?did you keep? |
Request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jikiseyokeep! |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jikisipsiokeep! |
| 해체, casual level | jikyeokeep! |
| 한다체, plain written level | jikyeorakeep! |
Proposal
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jikyeoyolet's keep! |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | jikipsidalet's keep! |
| 해체, casual level | jikijalet's keep! |
| 한다체, plain written level | jikijalet's keep! |
Promise
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jikilgeyoI will keep |
| 해체, casual level | jikilgeI will keep |
Shall I?
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | jikilkkayo?shall I keep? |
| 해체, casual level | jikilkka?shall I keep? |
Linking
And
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jikigoI keep, and |
And so / because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jikyeoseobecause I keep |
If
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jikimyeonif you keep |
But
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jikijimanI keep, but |
Because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jikinikkabecause I keep |
Background
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jikineundeI keep (background) |
Modifier
Present noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jikineunkeep (before a noun) |
Past noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jikinkept (before a noun) |
Future noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | jikilwill keep (before a noun) |
Additional forms
Additional honorific forms
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Saying it happened (았/었) | jikisyeosseoyohe/she kept (honorific) |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Korean entries.