Korean reference
축하하다
chukahada
to congratulate
Irregular · 24 form tables
Includes verbs and adjectives. Rows show speech levels and constructions, rather than personal pronouns. Honorific forms refer to a respected subject.
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Tense
Present
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chukahaeyocongratulate |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chukahamnidacongratulate |
| 해체, casual level | chukahaecongratulate |
| 한다체, plain written level | chukahandacongratulate |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chukahaesseoyocongratulated |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chukahaetseumnidacongratulated |
| 해체, casual level | chukahaesseocongratulated |
| 한다체, plain written level | chukahaetdacongratulated |
Future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chukahal geoyeyowill congratulate |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chukahal geomnidawill congratulate |
| 해체, casual level | chukahal geoyawill congratulate |
| 한다체, plain written level | chukahal geosidawill congratulate |
Intention / conjecture
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chukahagesseoyowill probably congratulate |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chukahagetseumnidawill probably congratulate |
| 해체, casual level | chukahagesseowill probably congratulate |
| 한다체, plain written level | chukahagetdawill probably congratulate |
Progressive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chukahago isseoyobe congratulating |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chukahago itseumnidabe congratulating |
| 해체, casual level | chukahago isseobe congratulating |
| 한다체, plain written level | chukahago itdabe congratulating |
Negative
Short negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chuka an haeyodo not congratulate |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chuka an hamnidado not congratulate |
| 해체, casual level | chuka an haedo not congratulate |
| 한다체, plain written level | chuka an handado not congratulate |
Long negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chukahaji anayodo not congratulate |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chukahaji anseumnidado not congratulate |
| 해체, casual level | chukahaji anado not congratulate |
| 한다체, plain written level | chukahaji anneundado not congratulate |
Endings
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chukahaseyohe/she congratulates (honorific) |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chukahasimnidahe/she congratulates (honorific) |
| 해체, casual level | chukahasyeohe/she congratulates (honorific) |
| 한다체, plain written level | chukahasindahe/she congratulates (honorific) |
Wish
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chukahago sipeoyoI want to congratulate |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chukahago sipseumnidaI want to congratulate |
| 해체, casual level | chukahago sipeoI want to congratulate |
| 한다체, plain written level | chukahago sipdaI want to congratulate |
Question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chukahaeyo?do you congratulate? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chukahamnikka?do you congratulate? |
| 해체, casual level | chukahae?do you congratulate? |
| 한다체, plain written level | chukahani?do you congratulate? |
Past question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chukahaesseoyo?did you congratulate? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chukahaetseumnikka?did you congratulate? |
| 해체, casual level | chukahaesseo?did you congratulate? |
| 한다체, plain written level | chukahaenni?did you congratulate? |
Request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chukahaseyocongratulate! |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chukahasipsiocongratulate! |
| 해체, casual level | chukahaecongratulate! |
| 한다체, plain written level | chukahaeracongratulate! |
Proposal
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chukahaeyolet's congratulate! |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chukahapsidalet's congratulate! |
| 해체, casual level | chukahajalet's congratulate! |
| 한다체, plain written level | chukahajalet's congratulate! |
Promise
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chukahalgeyoI will congratulate |
| 해체, casual level | chukahalgeI will congratulate |
Shall I?
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chukahalkkayo?shall I congratulate? |
| 해체, casual level | chukahalkka?shall I congratulate? |
Linking
And
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chukahagoI congratulate, and |
And so / because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chukahaeseobecause I congratulate |
If
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chukahamyeonif you congratulate |
But
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chukahajimanI congratulate, but |
Because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chukahanikkabecause I congratulate |
Background
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chukahaneundeI congratulate (background) |
Modifier
Present noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chukahaneuncongratulate (before a noun) |
Past noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chukahancongratulated (before a noun) |
Future noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chukahalwill congratulate (before a noun) |
Additional forms
Additional honorific forms
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Saying it happened (았/었) | chukahasyeosseoyohe/she congratulated (honorific) |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Korean entries.