Korean reference
춥다
chupda
to be cold (weather)
Adjective · Irregular · 18 form tables
Includes verbs and adjectives. Rows show speech levels and constructions, rather than personal pronouns. Honorific forms refer to a respected subject.
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Tense
Present
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chuwoyoam/is/are cold |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chupseumnidaam/is/are cold |
| 해체, casual level | chuwoam/is/are cold |
| 한다체, plain written level | chupdaam/is/are cold |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chuwosseoyowas/were cold |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chuwotseumnidawas/were cold |
| 해체, casual level | chuwosseowas/were cold |
| 한다체, plain written level | chuwotdawas/were cold |
Future
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chuul geoyeyowill be cold |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chuul geomnidawill be cold |
| 해체, casual level | chuul geoyawill be cold |
| 한다체, plain written level | chuul geosidawill be cold |
Intention / conjecture
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chupgesseoyowill probably be cold |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chupgetseumnidawill probably be cold |
| 해체, casual level | chupgesseowill probably be cold |
| 한다체, plain written level | chupgetdawill probably be cold |
Negative
Short negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | an chuwoyonot be cold |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | an chupseumnidanot be cold |
| 해체, casual level | an chuwonot be cold |
| 한다체, plain written level | an chupdanot be cold |
Long negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chupji anayonot be cold |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chupji anseumnidanot be cold |
| 해체, casual level | chupji ananot be cold |
| 한다체, plain written level | chupji antanot be cold |
Endings
Honorific
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chuuseyohe/she is cold (honorific) |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chuusimnidahe/she is cold (honorific) |
| 해체, casual level | chuusyeohe/she is cold (honorific) |
| 한다체, plain written level | chuusidahe/she is cold (honorific) |
Question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chuwoyo?are you cold? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chupseumnikka?are you cold? |
| 해체, casual level | chuwo?are you cold? |
| 한다체, plain written level | chumni?are you cold? |
Past question
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| 해요체, everyday polite level | chuwosseoyo?were you cold? |
| 합니다체, formal polite level | chuwotseumnikka?were you cold? |
| 해체, casual level | chuwosseo?were you cold? |
| 한다체, plain written level | chuwonni?were you cold? |
Linking
And
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chupgoI am cold, and |
And so / because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chuwoseobecause I am cold |
If
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chuumyeonif you are cold |
But
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chupjimanI am cold, but |
Because
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chuunikkabecause I am cold |
Background
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chuundeI am cold (background) |
Modifier
Present noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chuunbe cold (before a noun) |
Past noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chuwotdeonwas cold (before a noun) |
Future noun modifier
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Connecting / modifying form | chuulwill be cold (before a noun) |
Additional forms
Additional honorific forms
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Saying it happened (았/었) | chuusyeosseoyofelt cold (polite, honorific) |
| Saying it will happen ((으)ㄹ 거) | chuusil geoyeyowill feel cold (polite, honorific) |
| Guessing or offering (겠) | chuusigesseoyomust feel cold (polite, honorific) |
| Negative expression | an chuuseyodoes not feel cold (polite, honorific) |
| Asking | chuuseyo?feels cold? (polite, honorific) |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Korean entries.