Japanese reference
かかる
to take (time); to cost (depending on context)
Regular · 28 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | かかる (kakaru)take (time) |
| Polite, masu | かかります (kakarimasu)take (time) |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | かからない (kakaranai)do not take (time) |
| Polite negative | かかりません (kakarimasen)do not take (time) |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | かかった (kakatta)took (time) |
| Polite past | かかりました (kakarimashita)took (time) |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | かからなかった (kakaranakatta)did not take (time) |
| Polite past negative | かかりませんでした (kakarimasendeshita)did not take (time) |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | かかって (kakatte)taking (time) (and then) |
| Polite te-form | かかりまして (kakarimashite)taking (time) (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | かかっている (kakatteiru)be taking (time) |
| Polite te-iru | かかっています (kakatteimasu)be taking (time) |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | かかれば (kakareba)if you take (time) |
| Rare literary polite conditional | かかりますれば (kakarimasureba)if you take (time) (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | かかったら (kakattara)if you take (time) |
| Polite conditional, tara | かかりましたら (kakarimashitara)if you take (time) |
Mood
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | かかろう (kakarou)let's take (time)! |
| Polite volitional | かかりましょう (kakarimashou)let's take (time)! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | かかりたい (kakaritai)want to take (time) |
| Polite desire, tai | かかりたいです (kakaritaidesu)want to take (time) |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | かかるな (kakaruna)do not take (time)! |
| Polite negative request | かからないでください (kakaranaidekudasai)please do not take (time) |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | かかります (kakarimasu)take (time) |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | かかりません (kakarimasen)do not take (time) |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | かかりました (kakarimashita)took (time) |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | かかりませんでした (kakarimasendeshita)did not take (time) |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | かかってください (kakattekudasai)please take (time) |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | かからないでください (kakaranaidekudasai)please do not take (time) |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | かかりましょう (kakarimashou)let's take (time)! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | かかってもいい (kakattemoii)may take (time) |
| Polite permission | かかってもいいです (kakattemoiidesu)may take (time) |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | かかってはいけない (kakattehaikenai)must not take (time) |
| Polite prohibition | かかってはいけません (kakattehaikemasen)must not take (time) |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | かかりなさい (kakarinasai)take (time) (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | かかってみる (kakattemiru)try to take (time) |
| Polite try doing | かかってみます (kakattemimasu)try to take (time) |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | かかってしまう (kakatteshimau)take (time) completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | かかってしまいます (kakatteshimaimasu)take (time) completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | かかっておく (kakatteoku)take (time) in advance |
| Polite preparation | かかっておきます (kakatteokimasu)take (time) in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | かかったことがある (kakattakotogaaru)have the experience of: took (time) |
| Polite past experience | かかったことがあります (kakattakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: took (time) |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | かかると (kakaruto)whenever you take (time) |
| Polite automatic result | かかりますと (kakarimasuto)whenever you take (time) |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | かかるなら (kakarunara)if you mean to take (time) |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | かかるだろう (kakarudarou)probably take (time) |
| Polite probability | かかるでしょう (kakarudeshou)probably take (time) |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | かかれ (kakare)take (time)! |
| Polite request | かかってください (kakattekudasai)please take (time) |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.