Japanese reference
つける
to turn on
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | つける (tsukeru)turn something on |
| Polite, masu | つけます (tsukemasu)turn something on |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | つけない (tsukenai)do not turn something on |
| Polite negative | つけません (tsukemasen)do not turn something on |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | つけた (tsuketa)turned something on |
| Polite past | つけました (tsukemashita)turned something on |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | つけなかった (tsukenakatta)did not turn something on |
| Polite past negative | つけませんでした (tsukemasendeshita)did not turn something on |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | つけて (tsukete)turning something on (and then) |
| Polite te-form | つけまして (tsukemashite)turning something on (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | つけている (tsuketeiru)be turning something on |
| Polite te-iru | つけています (tsuketeimasu)be turning something on |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | つければ (tsukereba)if you turn something on |
| Rare literary polite conditional | つけますれば (tsukemasureba)if you turn something on (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | つけたら (tsuketara)if you turn something on |
| Polite conditional, tara | つけましたら (tsukemashitara)if you turn something on |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | つけられる (tsukerareru)can turn something on |
| Polite potential | つけられます (tsukeraremasu)can turn something on |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | つけよう (tsukeyou)let's turn something on! |
| Polite volitional | つけましょう (tsukemashou)let's turn something on! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | つけたい (tsuketai)want to turn something on |
| Polite desire, tai | つけたいです (tsuketaidesu)want to turn something on |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | つけられる (tsukerareru)be turned on |
| Polite passive | つけられます (tsukeraremasu)be turned on |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | つけさせる (tsukesaseru)make or let someone turn something on |
| Polite causative | つけさせます (tsukesasemasu)make or let someone turn something on |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | つけさせられる (tsukesaserareru)be made to turn something on |
| Polite causative-passive | つけさせられます (tsukesaseraremasu)be made to turn something on |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | つけるな (tsukeruna)do not turn something on! |
| Polite negative request | つけないでください (tsukenaidekudasai)please do not turn something on |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | つけます (tsukemasu)turn something on |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | つけません (tsukemasen)do not turn something on |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | つけました (tsukemashita)turned something on |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | つけませんでした (tsukemasendeshita)did not turn something on |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | つけてください (tsuketekudasai)please turn something on |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | つけないでください (tsukenaidekudasai)please do not turn something on |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | つけましょう (tsukemashou)let's turn something on! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | つけてもいい (tsuketemoii)may turn something on |
| Polite permission | つけてもいいです (tsuketemoiidesu)may turn something on |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | つけてはいけない (tsuketehaikenai)must not turn something on |
| Polite prohibition | つけてはいけません (tsuketehaikemasen)must not turn something on |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | つけなさい (tsukenasai)turn something on (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | つけてみる (tsuketemiru)try to turn something on |
| Polite try doing | つけてみます (tsuketemimasu)try to turn something on |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | つけてしまう (tsuketeshimau)turn something on completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | つけてしまいます (tsuketeshimaimasu)turn something on completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | つけておく (tsuketeoku)turn something on in advance |
| Polite preparation | つけておきます (tsuketeokimasu)turn something on in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | つけたことがある (tsuketakotogaaru)have the experience of: turned something on |
| Polite past experience | つけたことがあります (tsuketakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: turned something on |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | つけると (tsukeruto)whenever you turn something on |
| Polite automatic result | つけますと (tsukemasuto)whenever you turn something on |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | つけるなら (tsukerunara)if you mean to turn something on |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | つけるだろう (tsukerudarou)probably turn something on |
| Polite probability | つけるでしょう (tsukerudeshou)probably turn something on |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | つけろ (tsukero)turn something on! |
| Polite request | つけてください (tsuketekudasai)please turn something on |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.