Japanese reference
住む
すむ
to live (somewhere)
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | すむ (sumu)live |
| Polite, masu | すみます (sumimasu)live |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | すまない (sumanai)do not live |
| Polite negative | すみません (sumimasen)do not live |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | すんだ (sunda)lived |
| Polite past | すみました (sumimashita)lived |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | すまなかった (sumanakatta)did not live |
| Polite past negative | すみませんでした (sumimasendeshita)did not live |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | すんで (sunde)living (and then) |
| Polite te-form | すみまして (sumimashite)living (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | すんでいる (sundeiru)live |
| Polite te-iru | すんでいます (sundeimasu)live |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | すめば (sumeba)if you live |
| Rare literary polite conditional | すみますれば (sumimasureba)if you live (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | すんだら (sundara)if you live |
| Polite conditional, tara | すみましたら (sumimashitara)if you live |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | すめる (sumeru)can live |
| Polite potential | すめます (sumemasu)can live |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | すもう (sumou)let's live! |
| Polite volitional | すみましょう (sumimashou)let's live! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | すみたい (sumitai)want to live |
| Polite desire, tai | すみたいです (sumitaidesu)want to live |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | すまれる (sumareru)be affected when someone lives |
| Polite passive | すまれます (sumaremasu)be affected when someone lives |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | すませる (sumaseru)make or let someone live |
| Polite causative | すませます (sumasemasu)make or let someone live |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | すませられる (sumaserareru)be made to live |
| Polite causative-passive | すませられます (sumaseraremasu)be made to live |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | すむな (sumuna)do not live! |
| Polite negative request | すまないでください (sumanaidekudasai)please do not live |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | すみます (sumimasu)live |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | すみません (sumimasen)do not live |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | すみました (sumimashita)lived |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | すみませんでした (sumimasendeshita)did not live |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | すんでください (sundekudasai)please live |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | すまないでください (sumanaidekudasai)please do not live |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | すみましょう (sumimashou)let's live! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | すんでもいい (sundemoii)may live |
| Polite permission | すんでもいいです (sundemoiidesu)may live |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | すんではいけない (sundehaikenai)must not live |
| Polite prohibition | すんではいけません (sundehaikemasen)must not live |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | すみなさい (suminasai)live (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | すんでみる (sundemiru)try to live |
| Polite try doing | すんでみます (sundemimasu)try to live |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | すんでしまう (sundeshimau)live completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | すんでしまいます (sundeshimaimasu)live completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | すんでおく (sundeoku)live in advance |
| Polite preparation | すんでおきます (sundeokimasu)live in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | すんだことがある (sundakotogaaru)have the experience of: lived |
| Polite past experience | すんだことがあります (sundakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: lived |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | すむと (sumuto)whenever you live |
| Polite automatic result | すみますと (sumimasuto)whenever you live |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | すむなら (sumunara)if you mean to live |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | すむだろう (sumudarou)probably live |
| Polite probability | すむでしょう (sumudeshou)probably live |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | すめ (sume)live! |
| Polite request | すんでください (sundekudasai)please live |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.