Japanese reference
光る
ひかる
to shine; glitter; sparkle
Regular · 18 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | ひかる (hikaru)something shines |
| Polite, masu | ひかります (hikarimasu)something shines |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | ひからない (hikaranai)something does not shine |
| Polite negative | ひかりません (hikarimasen)something does not shine |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | ひかった (hikatta)something shone |
| Polite past | ひかりました (hikarimashita)something shone |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | ひからなかった (hikaranakatta)something did not shine |
| Polite past negative | ひかりませんでした (hikarimasendeshita)something did not shine |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | ひかって (hikatte)shining (and then) |
| Polite te-form | ひかりまして (hikarimashite)shining (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | ひかっている (hikatteiru)something is shining |
| Polite te-iru | ひかっています (hikatteimasu)something is shining |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | ひかれば (hikareba)if something shines |
| Rare literary polite conditional | ひかりますれば (hikarimasureba)if something shines (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | ひかったら (hikattara)if something shines |
| Polite conditional, tara | ひかりましたら (hikarimashitara)if something shines |
Voice
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | ひからせる (hikaraseru)cause something to shine |
| Polite causative | ひからせます (hikarasemasu)cause something to shine |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | ひかります (hikarimasu)something shines |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | ひかりません (hikarimasen)something does not shine |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | ひかりました (hikarimashita)something shone |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | ひかりませんでした (hikarimasendeshita)something did not shine |
Aspect
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | ひかってしまう (hikatteshimau)something shines completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | ひかってしまいます (hikatteshimaimasu)something shines completely or regrettably |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | ひかったことがある (hikattakotogaaru)have the experience of: something shone |
| Polite past experience | ひかったことがあります (hikattakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: something shone |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | ひかると (hikaruto)whenever you something shines |
| Polite automatic result | ひかりますと (hikarimasuto)whenever you something shines |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | ひかるなら (hikarunara)if you mean to something shines |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | ひかるだろう (hikarudarou)probably something shines |
| Polite probability | ひかるでしょう (hikarudeshou)probably something shines |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.