Japanese reference
努力する
どりょくする
to make an effort
Irregular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | どりょくする (doryokusuru)make an effort |
| Polite, masu | どりょくします (doryokushimasu)make an effort |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | どりょくしない (doryokushinai)do not make an effort |
| Polite negative | どりょくしません (doryokushimasen)do not make an effort |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | どりょくした (doryokushita)made an effort |
| Polite past | どりょくしました (doryokushimashita)made an effort |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | どりょくしなかった (doryokushinakatta)did not make an effort |
| Polite past negative | どりょくしませんでした (doryokushimasendeshita)did not make an effort |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | どりょくして (doryokushite)making an effort (and then) |
| Polite te-form | どりょくしまして (doryokushimashite)making an effort (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | どりょくしている (doryokushiteiru)be making an effort |
| Polite te-iru | どりょくしています (doryokushiteimasu)be making an effort |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | どりょくすれば (doryokusureba)if you make an effort |
| Rare literary polite conditional | どりょくしますれば (doryokushimasureba)if you make an effort (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | どりょくしたら (doryokushitara)if you make an effort |
| Polite conditional, tara | どりょくしましたら (doryokushimashitara)if you make an effort |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | どりょくできる (doryokudekiru)can make an effort |
| Polite potential | どりょくできます (doryokudekimasu)can make an effort |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | どりょくしよう (doryokushiyou)let's make an effort! |
| Polite volitional | どりょくしましょう (doryokushimashou)let's make an effort! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | どりょくしたい (doryokushitai)want to make an effort |
| Polite desire, tai | どりょくしたいです (doryokushitaidesu)want to make an effort |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | どりょくされる (doryokusareru)be affected when someone makes an effort |
| Polite passive | どりょくされます (doryokusaremasu)be affected when someone makes an effort |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | どりょくさせる (doryokusaseru)make or let someone make an effort |
| Polite causative | どりょくさせます (doryokusasemasu)make or let someone make an effort |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | どりょくさせられる (doryokusaserareru)be made to make an effort |
| Polite causative-passive | どりょくさせられます (doryokusaseraremasu)be made to make an effort |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | どりょくするな (doryokusuruna)do not make an effort! |
| Polite negative request | どりょくしないでください (doryokushinaidekudasai)please do not make an effort |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | どりょくします (doryokushimasu)make an effort |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | どりょくしません (doryokushimasen)do not make an effort |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | どりょくしました (doryokushimashita)made an effort |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | どりょくしませんでした (doryokushimasendeshita)did not make an effort |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | どりょくしてください (doryokushitekudasai)please make an effort |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | どりょくしないでください (doryokushinaidekudasai)please do not make an effort |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | どりょくしましょう (doryokushimashou)let's make an effort! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | どりょくしてもいい (doryokushitemoii)may make an effort |
| Polite permission | どりょくしてもいいです (doryokushitemoiidesu)may make an effort |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | どりょくしてはいけない (doryokushitehaikenai)must not make an effort |
| Polite prohibition | どりょくしてはいけません (doryokushitehaikemasen)must not make an effort |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | どりょくしなさい (doryokushinasai)make an effort (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | どりょくしてみる (doryokushitemiru)try to make an effort |
| Polite try doing | どりょくしてみます (doryokushitemimasu)try to make an effort |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | どりょくしてしまう (doryokushiteshimau)make an effort completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | どりょくしてしまいます (doryokushiteshimaimasu)make an effort completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | どりょくしておく (doryokushiteoku)make an effort in advance |
| Polite preparation | どりょくしておきます (doryokushiteokimasu)make an effort in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | どりょくしたことがある (doryokushitakotogaaru)have the experience of: made an effort |
| Polite past experience | どりょくしたことがあります (doryokushitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: made an effort |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | どりょくすると (doryokusuruto)whenever you make an effort |
| Polite automatic result | どりょくしますと (doryokushimasuto)whenever you make an effort |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | どりょくするなら (doryokusurunara)if you mean to make an effort |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | どりょくするだろう (doryokusurudarou)probably make an effort |
| Polite probability | どりょくするでしょう (doryokusurudeshou)probably make an effort |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | どりょくしろ (doryokushiro)make an effort! |
| Polite request | どりょくしてください (doryokushitekudasai)please make an effort |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.