Japanese reference
向ける
むける
to turn (something) toward; to point (something) at
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | むける (mukeru)turn (something) toward |
| Polite, masu | むけます (mukemasu)turn (something) toward |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | むけない (mukenai)do not turn (something) toward |
| Polite negative | むけません (mukemasen)do not turn (something) toward |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | むけた (muketa)turned (something) toward |
| Polite past | むけました (mukemashita)turned (something) toward |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | むけなかった (mukenakatta)did not turn (something) toward |
| Polite past negative | むけませんでした (mukemasendeshita)did not turn (something) toward |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | むけて (mukete)turning (something) toward (and then) |
| Polite te-form | むけまして (mukemashite)turning (something) toward (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | むけている (muketeiru)be turning (something) toward |
| Polite te-iru | むけています (muketeimasu)be turning (something) toward |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | むければ (mukereba)if you turn (something) toward |
| Rare literary polite conditional | むけますれば (mukemasureba)if you turn (something) toward (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | むけたら (muketara)if you turn (something) toward |
| Polite conditional, tara | むけましたら (mukemashitara)if you turn (something) toward |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | むけられる (mukerareru)can turn (something) toward |
| Polite potential | むけられます (mukeraremasu)can turn (something) toward |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | むけよう (mukeyou)let's turn (something) toward! |
| Polite volitional | むけましょう (mukemashou)let's turn (something) toward! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | むけたい (muketai)want to turn (something) toward |
| Polite desire, tai | むけたいです (muketaidesu)want to turn (something) toward |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | むけられる (mukerareru)be affected when someone turns (something) toward |
| Polite passive | むけられます (mukeraremasu)be affected when someone turns (something) toward |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | むけさせる (mukesaseru)make or let someone turn (something) toward |
| Polite causative | むけさせます (mukesasemasu)make or let someone turn (something) toward |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | むけさせられる (mukesaserareru)be made to turn (something) toward |
| Polite causative-passive | むけさせられます (mukesaseraremasu)be made to turn (something) toward |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | むけるな (mukeruna)do not turn (something) toward! |
| Polite negative request | むけないでください (mukenaidekudasai)please do not turn (something) toward |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | むけます (mukemasu)turn (something) toward |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | むけません (mukemasen)do not turn (something) toward |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | むけました (mukemashita)turned (something) toward |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | むけませんでした (mukemasendeshita)did not turn (something) toward |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | むけてください (muketekudasai)please turn (something) toward |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | むけないでください (mukenaidekudasai)please do not turn (something) toward |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | むけましょう (mukemashou)let's turn (something) toward! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | むけてもいい (muketemoii)may turn (something) toward |
| Polite permission | むけてもいいです (muketemoiidesu)may turn (something) toward |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | むけてはいけない (muketehaikenai)must not turn (something) toward |
| Polite prohibition | むけてはいけません (muketehaikemasen)must not turn (something) toward |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | むけなさい (mukenasai)turn (something) toward (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | むけてみる (muketemiru)try to turn (something) toward |
| Polite try doing | むけてみます (muketemimasu)try to turn (something) toward |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | むけてしまう (muketeshimau)turn (something) toward completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | むけてしまいます (muketeshimaimasu)turn (something) toward completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | むけておく (muketeoku)turn (something) toward in advance |
| Polite preparation | むけておきます (muketeokimasu)turn (something) toward in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | むけたことがある (muketakotogaaru)have the experience of: turned (something) toward |
| Polite past experience | むけたことがあります (muketakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: turned (something) toward |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | むけると (mukeruto)whenever you turn (something) toward |
| Polite automatic result | むけますと (mukemasuto)whenever you turn (something) toward |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | むけるなら (mukerunara)if you mean to turn (something) toward |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | むけるだろう (mukerudarou)probably turn (something) toward |
| Polite probability | むけるでしょう (mukerudeshou)probably turn (something) toward |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | むけろ (mukero)turn (something) toward! |
| Polite request | むけてください (muketekudasai)please turn (something) toward |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.