Japanese reference
含める
ふくめる
to include
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | ふくめる (fukumeru)include |
| Polite, masu | ふくめます (fukumemasu)include |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | ふくめない (fukumenai)do not include |
| Polite negative | ふくめません (fukumemasen)do not include |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | ふくめた (fukumeta)included |
| Polite past | ふくめました (fukumemashita)included |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | ふくめなかった (fukumenakatta)did not include |
| Polite past negative | ふくめませんでした (fukumemasendeshita)did not include |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | ふくめて (fukumete)including (and then) |
| Polite te-form | ふくめまして (fukumemashite)including (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | ふくめている (fukumeteiru)be including |
| Polite te-iru | ふくめています (fukumeteimasu)be including |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | ふくめれば (fukumereba)if you include |
| Rare literary polite conditional | ふくめますれば (fukumemasureba)if you include (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | ふくめたら (fukumetara)if you include |
| Polite conditional, tara | ふくめましたら (fukumemashitara)if you include |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | ふくめられる (fukumerareru)can include |
| Polite potential | ふくめられます (fukumeraremasu)can include |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | ふくめよう (fukumeyou)let's include! |
| Polite volitional | ふくめましょう (fukumemashou)let's include! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | ふくめたい (fukumetai)want to include |
| Polite desire, tai | ふくめたいです (fukumetaidesu)want to include |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | ふくめられる (fukumerareru)be affected when someone includes |
| Polite passive | ふくめられます (fukumeraremasu)be affected when someone includes |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | ふくめさせる (fukumesaseru)make or let someone include |
| Polite causative | ふくめさせます (fukumesasemasu)make or let someone include |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | ふくめさせられる (fukumesaserareru)be made to include |
| Polite causative-passive | ふくめさせられます (fukumesaseraremasu)be made to include |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | ふくめるな (fukumeruna)do not include! |
| Polite negative request | ふくめないでください (fukumenaidekudasai)please do not include |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | ふくめます (fukumemasu)include |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | ふくめません (fukumemasen)do not include |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | ふくめました (fukumemashita)included |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | ふくめませんでした (fukumemasendeshita)did not include |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | ふくめてください (fukumetekudasai)please include |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | ふくめないでください (fukumenaidekudasai)please do not include |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | ふくめましょう (fukumemashou)let's include! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | ふくめてもいい (fukumetemoii)may include |
| Polite permission | ふくめてもいいです (fukumetemoiidesu)may include |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | ふくめてはいけない (fukumetehaikenai)must not include |
| Polite prohibition | ふくめてはいけません (fukumetehaikemasen)must not include |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | ふくめなさい (fukumenasai)include (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | ふくめてみる (fukumetemiru)try to include |
| Polite try doing | ふくめてみます (fukumetemimasu)try to include |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | ふくめてしまう (fukumeteshimau)include completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | ふくめてしまいます (fukumeteshimaimasu)include completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | ふくめておく (fukumeteoku)include in advance |
| Polite preparation | ふくめておきます (fukumeteokimasu)include in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | ふくめたことがある (fukumetakotogaaru)have the experience of: included |
| Polite past experience | ふくめたことがあります (fukumetakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: included |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | ふくめると (fukumeruto)whenever you include |
| Polite automatic result | ふくめますと (fukumemasuto)whenever you include |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | ふくめるなら (fukumerunara)if you mean to include |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | ふくめるだろう (fukumerudarou)probably include |
| Polite probability | ふくめるでしょう (fukumerudeshou)probably include |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | ふくめろ (fukumero)include! |
| Polite request | ふくめてください (fukumetekudasai)please include |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.