Japanese reference
含む
ふくむ
to contain; to include
Regular · 20 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | ふくむ (fukumu)contain |
| Polite, masu | ふくみます (fukumimasu)contain |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | ふくまない (fukumanai)do not contain |
| Polite negative | ふくみません (fukumimasen)do not contain |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | ふくんだ (fukunda)contained |
| Polite past | ふくみました (fukumimashita)contained |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | ふくまなかった (fukumanakatta)did not contain |
| Polite past negative | ふくみませんでした (fukumimasendeshita)did not contain |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | ふくんで (fukunde)containing (and then) |
| Polite te-form | ふくみまして (fukumimashite)containing (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | ふくんでいる (fukundeiru)contain |
| Polite te-iru | ふくんでいます (fukundeimasu)contain |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | ふくめば (fukumeba)if you contain |
| Rare literary polite conditional | ふくみますれば (fukumimasureba)if you contain (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | ふくんだら (fukundara)if you contain |
| Polite conditional, tara | ふくみましたら (fukumimashitara)if you contain |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | ふくまれる (fukumareru)be affected when someone contains |
| Polite passive | ふくまれます (fukumaremasu)be affected when someone contains |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | ふくませる (fukumaseru)make or let someone contain |
| Polite causative | ふくませます (fukumasemasu)make or let someone contain |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | ふくませられる (fukumaserareru)be made to contain |
| Polite causative-passive | ふくませられます (fukumaseraremasu)be made to contain |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | ふくみます (fukumimasu)contain |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | ふくみません (fukumimasen)do not contain |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | ふくみました (fukumimashita)contained |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | ふくみませんでした (fukumimasendeshita)did not contain |
Aspect
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | ふくんでしまう (fukundeshimau)contain completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | ふくんでしまいます (fukundeshimaimasu)contain completely or regrettably |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | ふくんだことがある (fukundakotogaaru)have the experience of: contained |
| Polite past experience | ふくんだことがあります (fukundakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: contained |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | ふくむと (fukumuto)whenever you contain |
| Polite automatic result | ふくみますと (fukumimasuto)whenever you contain |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | ふくむなら (fukumunara)if you mean to contain |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | ふくむだろう (fukumudarou)probably contain |
| Polite probability | ふくむでしょう (fukumudeshou)probably contain |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.