Japanese reference
呼吸する
こきゅうする
to breathe
Irregular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | こきゅうする (kokyuusuru)breathe |
| Polite, masu | こきゅうします (kokyuushimasu)breathe |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | こきゅうしない (kokyuushinai)do not breathe |
| Polite negative | こきゅうしません (kokyuushimasen)do not breathe |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | こきゅうした (kokyuushita)breathed |
| Polite past | こきゅうしました (kokyuushimashita)breathed |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | こきゅうしなかった (kokyuushinakatta)did not breathe |
| Polite past negative | こきゅうしませんでした (kokyuushimasendeshita)did not breathe |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | こきゅうして (kokyuushite)breathing (and then) |
| Polite te-form | こきゅうしまして (kokyuushimashite)breathing (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | こきゅうしている (kokyuushiteiru)be breathing |
| Polite te-iru | こきゅうしています (kokyuushiteimasu)be breathing |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | こきゅうすれば (kokyuusureba)if you breathe |
| Rare literary polite conditional | こきゅうしますれば (kokyuushimasureba)if you breathe (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | こきゅうしたら (kokyuushitara)if you breathe |
| Polite conditional, tara | こきゅうしましたら (kokyuushimashitara)if you breathe |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | こきゅうできる (kokyuudekiru)can breathe |
| Polite potential | こきゅうできます (kokyuudekimasu)can breathe |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | こきゅうしよう (kokyuushiyou)let's breathe! |
| Polite volitional | こきゅうしましょう (kokyuushimashou)let's breathe! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | こきゅうしたい (kokyuushitai)want to breathe |
| Polite desire, tai | こきゅうしたいです (kokyuushitaidesu)want to breathe |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | こきゅうされる (kokyuusareru)be affected when someone breathes |
| Polite passive | こきゅうされます (kokyuusaremasu)be affected when someone breathes |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | こきゅうさせる (kokyuusaseru)make or let someone breathe |
| Polite causative | こきゅうさせます (kokyuusasemasu)make or let someone breathe |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | こきゅうさせられる (kokyuusaserareru)be made to breathe |
| Polite causative-passive | こきゅうさせられます (kokyuusaseraremasu)be made to breathe |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | こきゅうするな (kokyuusuruna)do not breathe! |
| Polite negative request | こきゅうしないでください (kokyuushinaidekudasai)please do not breathe |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | こきゅうします (kokyuushimasu)breathe |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | こきゅうしません (kokyuushimasen)do not breathe |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | こきゅうしました (kokyuushimashita)breathed |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | こきゅうしませんでした (kokyuushimasendeshita)did not breathe |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | こきゅうしてください (kokyuushitekudasai)please breathe |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | こきゅうしないでください (kokyuushinaidekudasai)please do not breathe |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | こきゅうしましょう (kokyuushimashou)let's breathe! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | こきゅうしてもいい (kokyuushitemoii)may breathe |
| Polite permission | こきゅうしてもいいです (kokyuushitemoiidesu)may breathe |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | こきゅうしてはいけない (kokyuushitehaikenai)must not breathe |
| Polite prohibition | こきゅうしてはいけません (kokyuushitehaikemasen)must not breathe |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | こきゅうしなさい (kokyuushinasai)breathe (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | こきゅうしてみる (kokyuushitemiru)try to breathe |
| Polite try doing | こきゅうしてみます (kokyuushitemimasu)try to breathe |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | こきゅうしてしまう (kokyuushiteshimau)breathe completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | こきゅうしてしまいます (kokyuushiteshimaimasu)breathe completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | こきゅうしておく (kokyuushiteoku)breathe in advance |
| Polite preparation | こきゅうしておきます (kokyuushiteokimasu)breathe in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | こきゅうしたことがある (kokyuushitakotogaaru)have the experience of: breathed |
| Polite past experience | こきゅうしたことがあります (kokyuushitakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: breathed |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | こきゅうすると (kokyuusuruto)whenever you breathe |
| Polite automatic result | こきゅうしますと (kokyuushimasuto)whenever you breathe |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | こきゅうするなら (kokyuusurunara)if you mean to breathe |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | こきゅうするだろう (kokyuusurudarou)probably breathe |
| Polite probability | こきゅうするでしょう (kokyuusurudeshou)probably breathe |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | こきゅうしろ (kokyuushiro)breathe! |
| Polite request | こきゅうしてください (kokyuushitekudasai)please breathe |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.