Japanese reference
凍る
こおる
to freeze
Regular · 26 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | こおる (kooru)something freezes |
| Polite, masu | こおります (koorimasu)something freezes |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | こおらない (kooranai)something does not freeze |
| Polite negative | こおりません (koorimasen)something does not freeze |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | こおった (kootta)something froze |
| Polite past | こおりました (koorimashita)something froze |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | こおらなかった (kooranakatta)something did not freeze |
| Polite past negative | こおりませんでした (koorimasendeshita)something did not freeze |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | こおって (kootte)freezing (and then) |
| Polite te-form | こおりまして (koorimashite)freezing (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | こおっている (kootteiru)something is frozen |
| Polite te-iru | こおっています (kootteimasu)something is frozen |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | こおれば (kooreba)if something freezes |
| Rare literary polite conditional | こおりますれば (koorimasureba)if something freezes (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | こおったら (koottara)if something freezes |
| Polite conditional, tara | こおりましたら (koorimashitara)if something freezes |
Voice
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | こおらせる (kooraseru)cause something to freeze |
| Polite causative | こおらせます (koorasemasu)cause something to freeze |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | こおるな (kooruna)do not freeze! |
| Polite negative request | こおらないでください (kooranaidekudasai)please do not freeze |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | こおります (koorimasu)something freezes |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | こおりません (koorimasen)something does not freeze |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | こおりました (koorimashita)something froze |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | こおりませんでした (koorimasendeshita)something did not freeze |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | こおってください (koottekudasai)please freeze |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | こおらないでください (kooranaidekudasai)please do not freeze |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | こおってもいい (koottemoii)may something freezes |
| Polite permission | こおってもいいです (koottemoiidesu)may something freezes |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | こおってはいけない (koottehaikenai)must not something freezes |
| Polite prohibition | こおってはいけません (koottehaikemasen)must not something freezes |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | こおりなさい (koorinasai)something freezes (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | こおってみる (koottemiru)try to something freezes |
| Polite try doing | こおってみます (koottemimasu)try to something freezes |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | こおってしまう (kootteshimau)something freezes completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | こおってしまいます (kootteshimaimasu)something freezes completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | こおっておく (kootteoku)something freezes in advance |
| Polite preparation | こおっておきます (kootteokimasu)something freezes in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | こおったことがある (koottakotogaaru)have the experience of: something froze |
| Polite past experience | こおったことがあります (koottakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: something froze |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | こおると (kooruto)whenever you something freezes |
| Polite automatic result | こおりますと (koorimasuto)whenever you something freezes |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | こおるなら (koorunara)if you mean to something freezes |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | こおるだろう (koorudarou)probably something freezes |
| Polite probability | こおるでしょう (koorudeshou)probably something freezes |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | こおれ (koore)freeze! |
| Polite request | こおってください (koottekudasai)please freeze |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.