Japanese reference
囲む
かこむ
to surround
Regular · 32 form tables
Rows describe verb forms and levels of politeness. Honorific and humble forms are labeled separately. Strong commands appear under additional forms.
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Basic
Non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Dictionary form | かこむ (kakomu)surround |
| Polite, masu | かこみます (kakomimasu)surround |
Negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative, nai | かこまない (kakomanai)do not surround |
| Polite negative | かこみません (kakomimasen)do not surround |
Past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past, ta | かこんだ (kakonda)surrounded |
| Polite past | かこみました (kakomimashita)surrounded |
Past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past negative | かこまなかった (kakomanakatta)did not surround |
| Polite past negative | かこみませんでした (kakomimasendeshita)did not surround |
Linking
Te form
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-form | かこんで (kakonde)surrounding (and then) |
| Polite te-form | かこみまして (kakomimashite)surrounding (and then) |
Te iru
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Te-iru: ongoing action / resulting state | かこんでいる (kakondeiru)be surrounding |
| Polite te-iru | かこんでいます (kakondeimasu)be surrounding |
Conditional, ba
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, ba | かこめば (kakomeba)if you surround |
| Rare literary polite conditional | かこみますれば (kakomimasureba)if you surround (rare and literary). In ordinary polite conversation, use the plain conditional and make the main clause polite |
Conditional, tara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Conditional, tara | かこんだら (kakondara)if you surround |
| Polite conditional, tara | かこみましたら (kakomimashitara)if you surround |
Mood
Potential
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Potential | かこめる (kakomeru)can surround |
| Polite potential | かこめます (kakomemasu)can surround |
Volitional
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Volitional | かこもう (kakomou)let's surround! |
| Polite volitional | かこみましょう (kakomimashou)let's surround! |
Desire, tai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Desire, tai | かこみたい (kakomitai)want to surround |
| Polite desire, tai | かこみたいです (kakomitaidesu)want to surround |
Voice
Passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Passive | かこまれる (kakomareru)be affected when someone surrounds |
| Polite passive | かこまれます (kakomaremasu)be affected when someone surrounds |
Causative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative | かこませる (kakomaseru)make or let someone surround |
| Polite causative | かこませます (kakomasemasu)make or let someone surround |
Causative passive
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Causative-passive | かこませられる (kakomaserareru)be made to surround |
| Polite causative-passive | かこませられます (kakomaseraremasu)be made to surround |
Commands
Negative imperative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Negative imperative | かこむな (kakomuna)do not surround! |
| Polite negative request | かこまないでください (kakomanaidekudasai)please do not surround |
Polite
Polite non past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite non-past form | かこみます (kakomimasu)surround |
Polite negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite negative form | かこみません (kakomimasen)do not surround |
Polite past
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past form | かこみました (kakomimashita)surrounded |
Polite past negative
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Polite past negative form | かこみませんでした (kakomimasendeshita)did not surround |
Requests
Request with kudasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request with kudasai | かこんでください (kakondekudasai)please surround |
Negative request
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Request not to act | かこまないでください (kakomanaidekudasai)please do not surround |
Invitation with mashou
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Invitation with mashou | かこみましょう (kakomimashou)let's surround! |
Permission
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Permission | かこんでもいい (kakondemoii)may surround |
| Polite permission | かこんでもいいです (kakondemoiidesu)may surround |
Not allowed
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Not allowed | かこんではいけない (kakondehaikenai)must not surround |
| Polite prohibition | かこんではいけません (kakondehaikemasen)must not surround |
Instruction with nasai
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Instruction with nasai | かこみなさい (kakominasai)surround (instruction) |
Aspect
Try doing
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Try doing | かこんでみる (kakondemiru)try to surround |
| Polite try doing | かこんでみます (kakondemimasu)try to surround |
Completion or regret
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Completion or regret | かこんでしまう (kakondeshimau)surround completely or regrettably |
| Polite completion or regret | かこんでしまいます (kakondeshimaimasu)surround completely or regrettably |
Preparation
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Preparation | かこんでおく (kakondeoku)surround in advance |
| Polite preparation | かこんでおきます (kakondeokimasu)surround in advance |
Past experience
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Past experience | かこんだことがある (kakondakotogaaru)have the experience of: surrounded |
| Polite past experience | かこんだことがあります (kakondakotogaarimasu)have the experience of: surrounded |
Conditions
Automatic result, to
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Automatic result, to | かこむと (kakomuto)whenever you surround |
| Polite automatic result | かこみますと (kakomimasuto)whenever you surround |
Given that, nara
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Given that, nara | かこむなら (kakomunara)if you mean to surround |
Probability
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Probability | かこむだろう (kakomudarou)probably surround |
| Polite probability | かこむでしょう (kakomudeshou)probably surround |
Additional forms
Strong command
| Person, form or usage | Form and meaning |
|---|---|
| Imperative | かこめ (kakome)surround! |
| Polite request | かこんでください (kakondekudasai)please surround |
Forms from the Loquus reference. Only supplied forms are shown. Browse all Japanese entries.